Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada

Brazil is an important producer of tropical fruits. Among them, acerola (Malpighia emarginata) is recognized for its high content of ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), carotenoids, anthocyanins and potent antioxidant capacity. Considering the bioactive and commercial value of thi...

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Huvudupphovsman: Moraes, Francisca Pereira de
Övriga upphovsmän: Hoskin, Roberta Targino
Materialtyp: doctoralThesis
Språk:por
Publicerad: Brasil
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id ri-123456789-26636
record_format dspace
institution Repositório Institucional
collection RI - UFRN
language por
topic Anti-inflamatório
Bioativos
Macrófagos
NIRs
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
spellingShingle Anti-inflamatório
Bioativos
Macrófagos
NIRs
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA
Moraes, Francisca Pereira de
Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
description Brazil is an important producer of tropical fruits. Among them, acerola (Malpighia emarginata) is recognized for its high content of ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), carotenoids, anthocyanins and potent antioxidant capacity. Considering the bioactive and commercial value of this fruit, the present work aimed to evaluate acerola using different approaches, which are presented in the six chapters of this thesis. A general introduction opens this document and discusses keytopics covered throughout the research. The second chapter shows the evaluation of the whole acerola fruit in regard to its concentration of bioactive compounds (AA, TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH), by the near infrared (NIR) technique and application of chemometric analysis. In the third chapter, freeze-drying was applied to acerola pulp and acerola pomace in order to compare the final products to the fresh fruit, as well as to monitor the stability of the acerola powders along the storage. In the fourth chapter, commercially purchased freeze-died acerola was evaluated and compared to selected freeze-dried fruits (camu-camu, apple and pineapple) in regard to in vitro biological analyzes. Selected phytochemical compounds (AA, TPC, anthocyanins, phenolic acids) and antioxidant activity (by two methods of detection: reducing iron potential - FRAP and capturing the radicals of 2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl - DPPH) of the fruit extracts were analyzed. In addition, the effects of these extracts on reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. Initially, the toxicity of the samples (reduction method of 3- (4,5- dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide - MTT) to RAW 264.7 cells was assessed. The anti-inflammatory activity of acerola extracts was tested by analysing enzymes and mediators with proinflammatory activity (inducible nitric oxide synthase - iNOS, cyclooxygenase – COX-2, interleukins - IL1β and IL-6, tumor necrosis factor - TNFα), in addition to an in vitro assay to investigate the cell migration properties of freeze-dried extracts in adult human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFα). The final chapters 5 and 6 show the conclusion and the literature sources used hrere. The results show that the NIRS model is a fast and reliable non-destructive analytical strategy to evaluate the ascorbic acid, however did not show good settings to the phenolic and antioxidant capacity in acerola fruits. It has also been demonstrated that freeze-dried acerola powders retain high ascorbic acid concentration and the preservation of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins is more effective under refrigerated storage. The results of the in vitro biological tests showed that acerola extracts, camu-camu, apple and pineapple are able to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Only freeze-dried acerola and camu-camu extracts reduced the production of reactive nitrogen species (NO). Extracts of these fruits also suppressed the expression of IL1β and IL6, and freeze-dried acerola is the only one capable of reducing the expression of COX-2 enzyme. The acerola was also able to enhance cell migration, based on the in vitro results obtained in HDFa cells, which reflects the skin cells' ability to regenerate after injury. The high ascorbic acid content in acerola seems to play an important role in the observed in vitro biological effects. Overall, it is concluded that acerola presents relevant bioactive and in vitro biological potential, which can justify its exploitation as a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical formulations.
author2 Hoskin, Roberta Targino
author_facet Hoskin, Roberta Targino
Moraes, Francisca Pereira de
format doctoralThesis
author Moraes, Francisca Pereira de
author_sort Moraes, Francisca Pereira de
title Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
title_short Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
title_full Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
title_fullStr Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
title_full_unstemmed Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
title_sort abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada
publisher Brasil
publishDate 2019
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/26636
work_keys_str_mv AT moraesfranciscapereirade abordagemquimiometricaeavaliacaofisicoquimicabioativaebiologicainvitrodaacerolamalpighiaemarginatainnaturaeliofilizada
AT moraesfranciscapereirade chemometricanalysisandphysicochemicalbioactiveandbiologicalinvitroevaluationoffreshandfreezedriedacerolamalpighiaemarginata
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spelling ri-123456789-266362019-02-14T16:55:18Z Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada Chemometric analysis and physico-chemical, bioactive and biological in vitro evaluation of fresh and freeze-dried acerola (Malpighia emarginata) Moraes, Francisca Pereira de Hoskin, Roberta Targino Borges, Katia Cristina Medeiros, Maria de Fátima Dantas de Damasceno, Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves Aquino, Jailane de Souza Silva, Flávio Luiz Honorato da Anti-inflamatório Bioativos Macrófagos NIRs CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA Brazil is an important producer of tropical fruits. Among them, acerola (Malpighia emarginata) is recognized for its high content of ascorbic acid (AA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), carotenoids, anthocyanins and potent antioxidant capacity. Considering the bioactive and commercial value of this fruit, the present work aimed to evaluate acerola using different approaches, which are presented in the six chapters of this thesis. A general introduction opens this document and discusses keytopics covered throughout the research. The second chapter shows the evaluation of the whole acerola fruit in regard to its concentration of bioactive compounds (AA, TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH), by the near infrared (NIR) technique and application of chemometric analysis. In the third chapter, freeze-drying was applied to acerola pulp and acerola pomace in order to compare the final products to the fresh fruit, as well as to monitor the stability of the acerola powders along the storage. In the fourth chapter, commercially purchased freeze-died acerola was evaluated and compared to selected freeze-dried fruits (camu-camu, apple and pineapple) in regard to in vitro biological analyzes. Selected phytochemical compounds (AA, TPC, anthocyanins, phenolic acids) and antioxidant activity (by two methods of detection: reducing iron potential - FRAP and capturing the radicals of 2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picrylhydrazyl - DPPH) of the fruit extracts were analyzed. In addition, the effects of these extracts on reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. Initially, the toxicity of the samples (reduction method of 3- (4,5- dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide - MTT) to RAW 264.7 cells was assessed. The anti-inflammatory activity of acerola extracts was tested by analysing enzymes and mediators with proinflammatory activity (inducible nitric oxide synthase - iNOS, cyclooxygenase – COX-2, interleukins - IL1β and IL-6, tumor necrosis factor - TNFα), in addition to an in vitro assay to investigate the cell migration properties of freeze-dried extracts in adult human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFα). The final chapters 5 and 6 show the conclusion and the literature sources used hrere. The results show that the NIRS model is a fast and reliable non-destructive analytical strategy to evaluate the ascorbic acid, however did not show good settings to the phenolic and antioxidant capacity in acerola fruits. It has also been demonstrated that freeze-dried acerola powders retain high ascorbic acid concentration and the preservation of ascorbic acid and anthocyanins is more effective under refrigerated storage. The results of the in vitro biological tests showed that acerola extracts, camu-camu, apple and pineapple are able to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Only freeze-dried acerola and camu-camu extracts reduced the production of reactive nitrogen species (NO). Extracts of these fruits also suppressed the expression of IL1β and IL6, and freeze-dried acerola is the only one capable of reducing the expression of COX-2 enzyme. The acerola was also able to enhance cell migration, based on the in vitro results obtained in HDFa cells, which reflects the skin cells' ability to regenerate after injury. The high ascorbic acid content in acerola seems to play an important role in the observed in vitro biological effects. Overall, it is concluded that acerola presents relevant bioactive and in vitro biological potential, which can justify its exploitation as a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O Brasil é um importante produtor de frutos tropicais. Dentre esses, destaca-se a acerola (Malpighia emarginata), reconhecida por seu alto teor de ácido ascórbico (AA), compostos fenólicos totais (CFT), carotenoides, antocianinas e considerável potencial antioxidante. Tendo em vista o valor bioativo e comercial desse fruto, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a acerola em diferentes abordagens, que correspondem aos seis capítulos da presente tese. Inicia com uma introdução geral que contextualiza o universo do trabalho e os temas abordados ao longo da pesquisa. O segundo capítulo mostra a avalição do fruto intacto quanto a sua composição de bioativos (AA, CFT) e atividade antioxidante (DPPH), através do uso do infravermelho próximo (NIR) e aplicação de técnicas de análise quimiométricas. No terceiro capítulo, a técnica de liofilização foi aplicada ao resíduo e polpa da acerola de forma a comparar os produtos finais desidratados ao produto fresco, bem como acompanhar a estabilidade dos pós ao longo do armazenamento. No quarto capítulo, a acerola liofilizada adquirida comercialmente foi avaliada e comparada com frutos selecionados liofilizados (camu-camu, maçã e abacaxi) no que diz respeito a análises biológicas. Esses ensaios in vitro incluíram a determinação do perfil fitoquímico (AA, CFT, antocianinas, ácidos fenólicos), atividade antioxidante (por dois métodos de detecção: potencial redutor do ferro - FRAP e captura dos radicas do 2,2-difenil-1- picril-hidrazil - DPPH), bem como a influência desses compostos na redução da produção das espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e nitrogênio (óxido nítrico, NO) em células macrófagos RAW 264.7. Inicialmente, a toxicidade dos extratos das amostras liofilizadas (método redução do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2yl)- 2,5-difenil tetrazolium - MTT) para as células RAW 264.7 foi determinada. Feito isso, o potencial anti-inflamatório dos extratos de acerola diante de enzimas e mediadores com atividade pró e anti-inflamatório (óxido nítrico sintase induzível – iNOS; cicloxigenase – COX2; interleucinas – IL-1β e IL-6; fator de necrose tumoral - TNFα) foi avaliado, além de ensaio in vitro para investigar o efeito dos extratos sobre a migração celular em fibroblastos da pele humana (HDFa). Os capítulos 5 e 6 apresentam a conclusão e a lista de referências que fundamentam o trabalho, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram que o modelo NIRS é uma alternativa analítica não-destrutiva rápida e confiável para avaliar os teores de ácido ascórbico, no entanto, não mostrou bons ajustes para os compostos fenólicos totais e poder antioxidante em frutos de acerola. Também ficou demonstrado que a liofilização produz acerola desidratada com alta retenção de ácido ascórbico e que a preservação de compostos bioativos acontece de maneira mais efetiva em armazenamento refrigerado, tanto para ácido ascórbico quanto para antocianinas. Os resultados dos testes biológicos in vitro mostraram que os extratos de acerola, camu-camu, maçã e abacaxi são capazes de reduzir a produção das espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), mas apenas acerola e camu-camu reduziram a produção das espécies reativas de nitrogênio (NO). Os extratos desses frutos também mostraram potencial anti-inflamatório contra os marcadores IL1β e IL6, sendo a acerola a única capaz de reduzir a expressão da enzima COX-2. A acerola também foi capaz de acelerar o processo de migração celular, tendo como base os resultados in vitro obtidos em celulas tipo HDFa, que reflete a capacidade de regeneração das células da pele após sofrer lesão. O elevado teor de ácido ascórbico do fruto liofilizado parece exercer importante papel nos efeitos biológicos in vitro demonstrados. Com isso, conclui-se que a acerola apresenta potencial bioativo e biológico in vitro, que podem ser explorados como ingredientes em alimentos e formulações farmacêuticas com efeitos benéficos a saúde. 2019-02-13T21:11:25Z 2019-02-13T21:11:25Z 2018-12-07 doctoralThesis MORAES, Francisca Pereira de. Abordagem quimiométrica e avaliação físico-química, bioativa e biológica in vitro da acerola (Malpighia emarginata) in natura e liofilizada. 2018. 170f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Química) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/26636 por Acesso Aberto application/pdf Brasil UFRN PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA QUÍMICA