The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age

Background: Graph analysis detects psychosis and literacy acquisition. Bronze Age literature has been proposed to contain childish or psychotic features, which would only have matured during the Axial Age (∼800-200 BC), a putative boundary for contemporary mentality. Method: Graph analysis of liter...

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Principais autores: Pinheiro, Sylvia, Mota, Natália Bezerra, Sigman, Mariano, Fernández-Slezak, Diego, Guerreiro, Antonio, Tófoli, Luís Fernando, Cecchi, Guillermo, Copelli, Mauro, Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
Formato: article
Idioma:English
Publicado em: Elsevier
Assuntos:
Graph
Literature
Bronze age
Axial age
Indigenous
Language evolution
Endereço do item:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/30235
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spelling ri-123456789-302352020-10-04T07:47:47Z The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age Pinheiro, Sylvia Mota, Natália Bezerra Sigman, Mariano Fernández-Slezak, Diego Guerreiro, Antonio Tófoli, Luís Fernando Cecchi, Guillermo Copelli, Mauro Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes Graph Literature Bronze age Axial age Indigenous Language evolution Background: Graph analysis detects psychosis and literacy acquisition. Bronze Age literature has been proposed to contain childish or psychotic features, which would only have matured during the Axial Age (∼800-200 BC), a putative boundary for contemporary mentality. Method: Graph analysis of literary texts spanning ∼4,500 years shows remarkable asymptotic changes over time. Results: While lexical diversity, long-range recurrence and graph length increase away from randomness, short-range recurrence declines towards random levels. Bronze Age texts are structurally similar to oral reports from literate typical children and literate psychotic adults, but distinct from poetry, and from narratives by preliterate preschoolers or Amerindians. Text structure reconstitutes the “arrow-of-time”, converging to educated adult levels at the Axial Age onset. Conclusion: The educational pathways of oral and literate traditions are structurally divergent, with a decreasing range of recurrence in the former, and an increasing range of recurrence in the latter. Education is seemingly the driving force underlying discourse maturation 2020-10-02T12:53:36Z 2020-10-02T12:53:36Z 2020-10-01 article PINHEIRO, Sylvia; MOTA, Natália Bezerra; SIGMAN, Mariano; FERNÁNDEZ-SLEZAK, Diego; GUERREIRO, Antonio; TÓFOLI, Luís Fernando; CECCHI, Guillermo; COPELLI, Mauro; RIBEIRO, Sidarta. The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age. Trends In Neuroscience And Education, [S. l.], p. 100142, out. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.tine.2020.100142. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211949320300181. Acesso em: 2 out. 2020. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/30235 10.1016/j.tine.2020.100142 en Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf Elsevier
institution Repositório Institucional
collection RI - UFRN
language English
topic Graph
Literature
Bronze age
Axial age
Indigenous
Language evolution
spellingShingle Graph
Literature
Bronze age
Axial age
Indigenous
Language evolution
Pinheiro, Sylvia
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Sigman, Mariano
Fernández-Slezak, Diego
Guerreiro, Antonio
Tófoli, Luís Fernando
Cecchi, Guillermo
Copelli, Mauro
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
description Background: Graph analysis detects psychosis and literacy acquisition. Bronze Age literature has been proposed to contain childish or psychotic features, which would only have matured during the Axial Age (∼800-200 BC), a putative boundary for contemporary mentality. Method: Graph analysis of literary texts spanning ∼4,500 years shows remarkable asymptotic changes over time. Results: While lexical diversity, long-range recurrence and graph length increase away from randomness, short-range recurrence declines towards random levels. Bronze Age texts are structurally similar to oral reports from literate typical children and literate psychotic adults, but distinct from poetry, and from narratives by preliterate preschoolers or Amerindians. Text structure reconstitutes the “arrow-of-time”, converging to educated adult levels at the Axial Age onset. Conclusion: The educational pathways of oral and literate traditions are structurally divergent, with a decreasing range of recurrence in the former, and an increasing range of recurrence in the latter. Education is seemingly the driving force underlying discourse maturation
format article
author Pinheiro, Sylvia
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Sigman, Mariano
Fernández-Slezak, Diego
Guerreiro, Antonio
Tófoli, Luís Fernando
Cecchi, Guillermo
Copelli, Mauro
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
author_facet Pinheiro, Sylvia
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Sigman, Mariano
Fernández-Slezak, Diego
Guerreiro, Antonio
Tófoli, Luís Fernando
Cecchi, Guillermo
Copelli, Mauro
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
author_sort Pinheiro, Sylvia
title The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
title_short The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
title_full The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
title_fullStr The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
title_full_unstemmed The history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
title_sort history of writing reflects the effects of education on discourse structure: implications for literacy, orality, psychosis and the axial age
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2020
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/30235
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