Medição e avaliação da exposição à radiação não ionizante em ambientes internos
Given the rapid rise of telecommunication services and the perspectives of a highly connected society, monitoring the levels of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) that the general population may be exposed to and comparing them with the limits defined in the current norms is essential. Indoor environme...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/57151 |
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| Resumo: | Given the rapid rise of telecommunication services and the perspectives of a highly
connected society, monitoring the levels of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) that the general
population may be exposed to and comparing them with the limits defined in the current
norms is essential. Indoor environments, such as homes and shopping malls, are places
that meet the interests of measurements, mainly due to the presence of different NIR
sources and the location of these sources about end users. This work presents NIR
measurements in a shopping center and residences in Natal, RN, Brazil. At shopping,
a set of six measurement points was proposed, following two criteria: places with a large
flow of people and the presence of one or more Distributed Antenna System (DAS),
co-located or not with Wi-Fi access points. The results are presented and discussed in
terms of distance from the DAS (conditions: near and far) and flow density of people
in the mall (scenarios: low and high number of people). The highest mean and highest
peak electric fields measured were 1.96 and 3.26 V/m, corresponding respectively to 5%
and 8% of the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection (ICNIRP) and Agency National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL). In
the homes, measurements were taken at 40 Wi-Fi access points in usual use situations
and operating at 2.4 and 5 GHz. The results are discussed about connectivity situations,
brand, and equipment use time. The highest exposure level was 4.66 V/m (7.64% of the
legal limit), verified for the network operating at 2.4 GHz. Furthermore, the influence of
the brand and model of the equipment on the measured levels of the average electric field
was noted. Finally, measurements were carried out in 51 microwave ovens, of which only
one exceeded 50 W/m² (the limit determined in current regulations). This radiation leak
was caused by the presence of rust that compromised the structure of the oven door. Two
types of repairs were performed on the oven: using epoxy putty to fill the opening in the
door (Repair 1) and the replacement of the external surface of the oven (Repair 2).Only
Repair 2 effectively solved the problem, generating a measurement with an average of
0.1841 W/m² and a peak of 0.4222 W/m² after the repair. As for the other 50 microwave
ovens, the power density results were presented relating to factors such as the position
of the worst measured point, brand, time of use, and state of conservation of the device.
Given the results, it was possible to note the influence of the factors of time of use and
state of conservation of the oven on the measured average power density. |
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