Transtornos mentais em mulheres gestantes e lactantes em privação de liberdade no sistema prisional: revisão sistemática
Introduction: Female incarceration has increased due to several factors, including changes in criminal policies, social and economic inequalities, abuse of psychoactive substances and issues related to gender and mental health. Being a woman and experiencing pregnancy or lactation in the prison s...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/55959 |
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| Resumo: | Introduction: Female incarceration has increased due to several factors, including
changes in criminal policies, social and economic inequalities, abuse of psychoactive
substances and issues related to gender and mental health. Being a woman and
experiencing pregnancy or lactation in the prison system can be an even more
challenging and difficult experience due to precarious sanitary conditions, lack of
adequate medical care, stigma, isolation and separation from the child. Objective:
Analyze mental disorders among pregnant and lactating women in the female prison
system. Method: This is a systematic review, which evaluates and brings together
similar studies for statistical analysis. To write this review, the PRISMA checklist
guidelines were followed. Furthermore, the protocol was registered on the International
Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) platform, under
registration number CRD42022350737. Using the PECOT strategy (Population,
Exposure, Control, Outcomes/Outcomes and Types of Studies/Observational), the
research question was constructed: “what are the mental disorders among pregnant
and lactating women in the female prison system?” Included were studies on pregnant
women and the development of mental disorders (depression, anxiety, stress and
insomnia, postpartum depression) during incarceration in comparison to pregnant
women not exposed to incarceration or deprivation of liberty in the prison system.
Literature reviews, case series, case reports and qualitative studies were not
considered. Searches were carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of
Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences
(LILACS), Scopus and Nursing Database (BDENF), without restriction on the language
of the articles or of the year of publication. The search strategy used medical subjective
vocabularies (MeSH) and a variety of other keywords. To assess the risk of bias, the
Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the
research, while the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Developing and
Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to classify the evidence into the quality levels
of the studies. Results: Of the 2165 studies found, the final sample consisted of four
articles. The analysis and level of methodological quality were carried out, as well as
the strength of recommendation of the evidence with the GRADE system. The studies
were carried out in the last decade, in the United States and Canada and evaluated
regarding characteristics, implementation and evaluation of the evidence. The
prevalent mental disorders found in pregnant and lactating women in the women's
prison system were anxiety, common mental disorders, schizophrenia, self-mutilation,
and postpartum depression. It is believed that the prevalence outcomes presented a
risk of bias to the detriment of contextual specificity, making the results provocative for
carrying out interventions in the scenario. Final considerations: It was concluded that
there is an increase in mental disorders in pregnant and lactating women in the prison
system, indicating a growing trend, as the context of imprisonment increases illness
and psychological suffering. However, it is suggested that new studies be carried out
to better elucidate the prison scenario, as well as to develop measurement
instruments/scales aimed at the prison scenario due to the uniqueness of the environment. |
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