Avaliação da teratogenicidade e toxicidade em peixe-zebra (danio- rerio) do extrato bruto rico em carotenoides de melão cantaloupe (cucumis melo l.) e nanonoencapsulado em gelatina
Cantaloupe melon has an orange pulp rich in carotenoids, which can promote several beneficial effects on human health. However, carotenoids are extremely unstable in the presence of oxygen, light, and heat, which may reduce their bioactive properties. In this context, nanoencapsulation is an exce...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/55890 |
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| Resumo: | Cantaloupe melon has an orange pulp rich in carotenoids, which can promote several
beneficial effects on human health. However, carotenoids are extremely unstable in the
presence of oxygen, light, and heat, which may reduce their bioactive properties. In this
context, nanoencapsulation is an excellent strategy to ensure the preservation and
enhancement of bioactive effects. On the other hand, one of the major current concerns
is related to the toxicity effects of these nanoparticles. Therefore, this study aimed to
evaluate the teratogenicity of the crude extract rich in carotenoids from Cantaloupe melon
(CE) and of the porcine gelatin-based nanoparticles containing CE (EPG) in an animal
model of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The CE was obtained from Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis
melo L.) in processes that involved drying the melon pulp (55 ̊C/24 h) to obtain flour,
maceration in ethanol (1:4 w/v) and partition in hexane (1:1 v/v). The nanoparticles were
obtained using the oil-in-water (O/W) emulsification technique. For the characterization
of nanoparticles in terms of morphology, chemical interactions, particle size and
encapsulation efficiency, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Laser Diffraction and Incorporation Efficiency (IE)
analyses were carried out, respectively. In the experiments in an animal model with
zebrafish, for the embryotoxicity test, the 308 embryos, divided into seven groups, were
exposed to concentrations of 12.5 mg/L and 50.0 mg/L of CE and EPG during 96 hours
post fertilization (hpf) and seven days post fertilization (dpf) the optomotor test was
performed. In the toxicity tests with adult zebrafish, the 60 fish were divided into six
groups exposed to 12.5 mg/L and 50.0 mg/L of CE and EPG for 96 hours, and then
submitted to light/dark neurotoxicity, new and social tank. Based on the characterization
results, EPG showed an IE of 94% (4.04), a smooth surface without depressions, a
diameter of 88.7 nm (7.02), and a polydispersion index of 0.41 (0.03). FTIR evidenced
the emergence of new vibrational bands in EPG compared to CE, demonstrating new
chemical interactions. In animal model experiments, no anomalies were observed after
exposure to 96 hpf, in the groups treated with CE and EPG, and heartbeats remained
between 132 and 138 rpm within the expected range for embryos, similar to the negative
control and DMSO groups. The groups that received CE and EPG did not show significant
morphological alterations. The mortality level was below 20%, revealing neither an
embryotoxic nor teratogenic character for CE and EPG in the concentrations used. There
was a significant improvement in the visual motor response of larvae exposed to CE and
EPG, which can be attributed to the antioxidant power and vitamin A precursor of
carotenoids. No adverse effects were identified on the behavior of adults, all were similar
to the behavior of the control group, without signs of anxiety, stress, or changes in
swimming, speed or sociability that would indicate any toxicity. Therefore, it was found
that CE and EPG maintained characteristics found in previous studies, proving the
method's reproducibility. There were no signs of teratogenicity, cardiotoxicity, or
neurotoxicity in the larvae, and both CE and EPG improved cognitive function and
response in the evaluated model. Adult fish showed no signs of anxiety or any other
evidence of toxicity, showing that CE and EPG are potentially safe. |
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