Relação entre tecido adiposo e autofagia na obesidade e em lipodistrofias congênitas: uma revisão de literatura
Adipose tissue consists mainly of white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipocytes. It has its importance in the regulation of systemic energy levels, in which its functional differences and balance are crucial for maintaining the body's energy balance. This is because white adipocytes store and release...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/53049 |
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| Resumo: | Adipose tissue consists mainly of white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipocytes. It has its importance in the regulation of systemic energy levels, in which its functional differences and balance are crucial for maintaining the body's energy balance. This is because white adipocytes store and release energy as fatty acids in response to systemic demands, while brown adipocytes metabolize substrates for heat production in response to various stimuli and maintain body temperature. Furthermore, there are beige adipocytes, which develop within WAT deposits and are recruited from stimuli such as cold, and are capable of thermogenesis just like brown adipocytes. Autophagy is an important cytoplasmic degradation pathway aimed at recycling cellular components, and studies indicate that it is involved in the formation of adipose tissue, in addition, autophagic dysregulation in adipose tissue has been associated with obesity, a chronic disease
related to an increase in white adipose tissue. Lipodystrophies corresponds to a set of rare heterogenic disorders, resulting from a generalized or partial loss of adipose tissue and characterized by the presence of several metabolic comorbidity, caused by genetic alterations or acquired factors. There are studies related to familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2), in which autophagy is shown to be dysregulated and the balance
between BAT and WAT is not maintained, which corroborates the manifestation of the disease. Moreover, as altered autophagy is present in obesity, and given the clinical alterations in FPLD2 patients in which accumulation of adipose tissue is observed in certain regions, we sought to study the relationship of autophagy in these metabolic disorders. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographical
research to analyze data on adipose tissue and autophagy in congenital lipodystrophies and obesity, seeking to approach and compare the relationship between autophagy in these disorders, since advances in this area of research may provide new sites for intervention in metabolic diseases. When examining these issues, it was seen that, in the adipose tissue of obese patients, the autophagic mechanism is not only found to be increased but may also be reduced, and thus obesity is related to a dysregulation of this process, portrayed as a cause or effect of associated metabolic disorders. In addition, the involvement of autophagy in clinical manifestations related to congenital lipodystrophies was also observed, observing alterations in the regulation of autophagic pathways, which allows inferring that the manipulation of this mechanism allows a better understanding of the dysfunctions attributed to these syndromes, and it is configured as a potential target for new strategies and specific approaches for the prevention and effective treatment of these metabolic disorders.
Keywords: adipose tissue; metabolism; autophagy; obesity; congenital lipodystrophies |
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