Acoplamento dos sinais frontais do cérebro à respiração de ratos durante repertório comportamental espontâneo no campo aberto
Breathing is an essential rhythm of life, and the main system that terrestrial mammals use to smell the world around them. Breathing cycles passively carry odorant molecules that bind to the olfactory receptors of the olfactory epithelium, and each cycle is sufficient as a unit of odor sensation....
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| Формат: | doctoralThesis |
| Язык: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Online-ссылка: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/52836 |
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| Итог: | Breathing is an essential rhythm of life, and the main system that terrestrial
mammals use to smell the world around them. Breathing cycles passively carry
odorant molecules that bind to the olfactory receptors of the olfactory epithelium, and
each cycle is sufficient as a unit of odor sensation. It is also known today that
breathing modulates activity in the brain. In 1942, work by Edgar Adrian showed that
the rhythmic flux of air in the olfactory epithelium of hedgehogs generates
oscillations in the olfactory bulb. Recent work in rodents has shown that neuronal
oscillations synchronized to respiratory activity occur not only at the olfactory bulb
but also across distant brain areas, from prefrontal and visual cortices to subcortical
areas, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. Intriguingly, these widespread
respiratory brain rhythms are not continuously present. Instead, the coupling
between neuronal activity and respiration across brain regions changes dramatically
with time. Previous work also showed that the power of these respiration entrained
oscillations is higher in frontal areas. To understand these dynamics, we
simultaneously recorded depth video along with respiration (intranasal pressure) and
distributed brain signals (anterior cingulate, prelimbic, medial orbital and parietal
cortices and olfactory bulb) in 6 rats as they spontaneously behaved in an enriched
open field arena (21 sessions of 30 minutes each). Animals displayed a rich set of behavior, ranging from immobility (putative sleep) to walking, grooming, rearing and object exploration. In this thesis, we will
present and discuss results on the modulation by respiratory activity on low and
high-frequency components of the local field potential (LFP) of the rats' frontal brain.
We will show how the magnitude of this modulation is strongly dependent on the
instantaneous respiratory rate of the rats and recording site. We found that all
breathing frequencies modulate LFP activity in all areas, with higher modulation of
low frequency LFP components in the olfactory bulb, and higher modulation of
gamma LFP components in the medial orbitofrontal cortex. To better dissect possible modulations of entrainment strength, we detected
and selected the behavioral state of the animals and quantified the LFP-respiration
entrainment for each one. We found significant modulation of respiratory LFP
components for all behaviors. We saw that grooming behavior has the highest
modulation of frontal brain LFP by respiratory activity. The results presented here
may help to understand a few pieces of this puzzle, and will raise more questions
about how and when breathing modulates frontal brain activity. |
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