Distribuição espacial da diversidade evolutiva de Myrtaceae na Mata Atlântica
The Atlantic Forest is a global biodiversity hotspot, and it is essential to comprehend the ecological and evolutionary processes responsible for shaping highly diverse environments. This comprehension allows a theoretical advance on the factors raising diversity, but also a practical improvement...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/51188 |
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| Resumo: | The Atlantic Forest is a global biodiversity hotspot, and it is essential to comprehend the ecological
and evolutionary processes responsible for shaping highly diverse environments. This comprehension
allows a theoretical advance on the factors raising diversity, but also a practical improvement by
increase the effectiveness of spatial prioritization focusing on areas to be protected, contributing to
the hotspots conservation. In the Atlantic Forest, Myrtaceae stands out as the most diverse woody
plant family (691 species) and is an excellent model for studies, because its richness patterns are
representative of other taxa. Thus, this work had two objectives: (1) to map the evolutionary diversity
metrics of Myrtaceae in order to understand the evolution of the Atlantic Forest flora, and (2) to assess
whether the current network of Atlantic Forest conservation units is representative of the evolutionary
diversity of the domain. We used information from articles that conducted studies in floristics
represented on two databases, Caaporã and NeoTropTree, which were reviewed to correct potential
species occurrence and/or nomenclatural errors. The records used summed 492 Myrtaceae species
occurring in 1282 sites. The sampling of geographic space showed good coverage and robust
representation of the environmental space of the domain. We found that evolutionary hotspots are
concentrated in the southern portion of the Atlantic Forest (southern and southeastern Brazil). On the
Brazilian coastal regions, from the south to the northeast, are the areas with higher concentration of
derivate lineages based on the last phylogeny and species that are more closely related to each other,
while in the interior of the southern region, the deepest lineages are concentrated. The existence of
temporally stable climatic refugia in the south of the domain, as well as the history of colonization
and expansion of this family in the South American continent, which begins in the south and expands
to the northward, may explain the concentration of older lineages in this region. In Santa Teresa/ES
and in Floresta da Tijuca/RJ we recorded the greatest diversity of phylogenetic endemism, sites that
harbor unique lineages, restricted to these regions. The patterns of phylogenetic diversity of
Myrtaceae described here corroborated patterns already described for other terrestrial taxa, such as
birds and arthropods, which reinforces the use of Myrtaceae as a model group for macroecological
and macroevolutionary analyses in the Atlantic Forest. The current network of protected areas in the
Atlantic Forest covers part of the evolutionary history exhibited in Myrtaceae for the metrics of phylogenetic endemism and mean root distance. However, this network did no protect all variation
on phylogenetic variability and diversity. This result urges future studies focusing on the indication
of new areas to preserve all evolutionary components. Conserving evolutionary potential is a way to
increase the chances of taxa responses to the scenarios of environmental changes predicted for the
future. Therefore, the results produced here must be included in spatial prioritization analyzes in order
to guide and support the decisions of managers and the proposition of public policies for the
conservation of biodiversity. |
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