Identificar as áreas suscetíveis a inundações e alagamentos no espaço urbano de Caicó-RN a partir de técnicas de modelagem em ambiente SIG
In the last decades, urban expansion, which mostly consisted of little or no urban planning, produced towns with poor infrastructure. Small and medium-sized towns such as those in the Northeast countryside, in the semi-arid region, have also suffered the effects of this problem, since they were b...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/50922 |
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| Resumo: | In the last decades, urban expansion, which mostly consisted of little or no urban planning,
produced towns with poor infrastructure. Small and medium-sized towns such as those in the
Northeast countryside, in the semi-arid region, have also suffered the effects of this problem,
since they were built on the banks of rivers, as is the situation of Caicó, a small town in the
state called Rio Grande do Norte. Thus, the present work aimed to identify areas susceptible to
flooding in the urban environment of Caicó, based on modeling in a GIS environment, seeking
to relate topographic data with surface runoff. For this, digital elevation models, satellite
images, vector files about the town of Caicó and rainfall data from pluviometric stations were
used. A priori, the morphological characteristics of the city's urban drainage systems were
analyzed, then the frequency of rainfall events recorded in Caicó in a 30-year historical series,
which made it possible to establish different precipitation scenarios and return times for each
event rainfall with their respective frequencies. For land uses analysis, supervised image
classification and on-screen vectorization procedures were carried out, using scenes from the
CBERS 4A WPM sensor, which has 8 meters of spatial resolution in the multispectral cameras
and 2 meters of spatial resolution in the panchromatic band . The land use classes defined in
the study were: dense vegetation (12%), sparse vegetation and pasture (55%), buildings (13%),
streets (3%), water bodies (4%), and exposed soils and rocky outcrops (13%). In this study, the
SCS-CN method was also applied held together with hydrological models of surface runoff
simulation, which also allowed estimating the average surface runoff and the maximum water
discharge of each neighborhood in the town of Caicó, for different event scenarios rainfall and
antecedent humidity conditions, where an event of 107 mm (setting I), an event of 56 mm
(setting II) and an event of 29 mm (setting III) were considered. Making it possible to infer that
small rainfall events may not produce enough runoff to configure areas of flooding due to dry
humid conditions, however extreme events with high rainfall tend to create areas of
susceptibility to flooding and flooding even in dry humid conditions. |
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