Covid-19 e saneamento básico: relações e impactos
This work proposes to establish the theoretical-scientific aspects that allow to perceive the effects of basic sanitation in the prevention and combat of pandemics caused by viruses, mainly, the current pandemic of COVID-19. Making connections between concepts and things, based on a broad bibliog...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/50834 |
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| Resumo: | This work proposes to establish the theoretical-scientific aspects that
allow to perceive the effects of basic sanitation in the prevention and combat of
pandemics caused by viruses, mainly, the current pandemic of COVID-19. Making
connections between concepts and things, based on a broad bibliographic investigation
that allows extracting important information on the thematic axis contained in the
coronavirus-basic sanitation binomial. The research developed is of an exploratory type
combined with a descriptive one, with a quali-quantitative approach. Classic materials,
government platforms and scientific publications were consulted. COVID-19 reinforced
the importance of access to basic sanitation for public health. However, it is difficult to
guarantee hygiene actions when not everyone has access to treated water, sewage
collection and treatment. Some of the factors that may be associated with the incidence
of cases or mortality rates of this disease are sanitation conditions. The main route of
transmission of the virus is via contaminated aerosols and respiratory droplets. However,
the presence of the genetic material of SARS-COV-2 in the feces of infected people
aroused interest in studies related to the possibility of oral-fecal transmission through
untreated sewage, contaminated water supply and even the bioaerosols produced in
ETEs. Due to the high number of infected people, there is an interest in analyzing other
possible routes of transmission and how access to sanitation in Brazil influences the fight
against the disease, since the persistence of the virus in the environment has not yet been
completely clarified. The Brazilian population is estimated at more than 200 million
inhabitants distributed throughout the five macro-regions with different demographic
densities, sociocultural aspects and access to sanitation services. The North and
Northeast macro-regions have the worst rates of water supply, sewage collection and
treatment. Despite this, these regions had lower rates of cases and deaths from COVID19. On the other hand, two of the best regions served by basic sanitation services, the
Midwest and Southeast, had the highest accumulated deaths until June 2022. It can be
seen that the lack of sanitation has been causing long-term deaths from waterborne
diseases in the However, with investments in the sanitation sector, it is possible to reduce
the number of hospitalizations and deaths, in addition to assisting in preventive measures
to combat infectious diseases. It was also found that poor sanitation is not the only vector
capable of influencing the spread of the disease. But it can be an aggravating factor,
considering that 16% of the Brazilian population do not have access to the water supply
network, and are those who adhere to dubious water sources, without confirmation that
it is within the potability standard for human consumption, becoming more vulnerable
to waterborne diseases. As for the monitoring of SARS-COV-2 in sewage, it can be a
useful tool to monitor new outbreaks of COVID-19. So far, there is no scientific evidence
that proves fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission, however, it is pertinent to
continue in-depth research on the persistence and viability of the virus in the
environment, especially in aquatic matrices. As well as the fate of Sars-Cov-2 in
treatment plants, analyzing the performance of virus removal in the stages. |
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