Adequação das condições operacionais e estruturais de uma estação de tratamento de água por filtração direta
Changes in the quality of surface water sources have been recurrent in developing countries due to their accelerated urbanization processes. In this sense, it is essential that water treatment plants (WTPs) in these regions are capable of producing safe water even in the face of variations in wat...
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| Format: | Dissertação |
| Jezik: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Online dostop: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/49490 |
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| Izvleček: | Changes in the quality of surface water sources have been recurrent in developing countries due
to their accelerated urbanization processes. In this sense, it is essential that water treatment
plants (WTPs) in these regions are capable of producing safe water even in the face of variations
in water quality. In some cases, this can be achieved through adjustments in the WTP operation,
and eventually it is necessary to reformulate the treatment system. Downflow direct filtration
is an effective, low-cost and easy-to-operate treatment technology, requiring, however, that the
color and turbidity values of the influent water are low, among other requirements. One way to
circumvent this limitation in water sources with seasonal variations in water quality is to use a
pre-treatment unit. Among the alternatives, the upflow sand filter (constituting, together with
the downflow direct filtration, the double filtration system - DF) - shows great potential, also
due to its low cost, high robustness and operational simplicity. This configuration allows the
treatment of raw water of worse quality (compared to downflow direct filtration), with less
susceptibility to sudden changes in quality, and the application of higher filtration rates. Thus,
the objective of this work is to investigate alternatives to adjust the operational and structural
conditions of a water treatment plant by downflow direct filtration that treats the water of a
tropical coastal lagoon. For this, tests were carried out in a jar test device + Laboratory Sand
Filter (LSF) and in a pilot installation of direct filtration that could be operated as downflow
direct filtration or as double filtration, with different treatment configurations being tested in
dry periods and after the occurrence of heavy rains. Tests in a pilot installation showed that the
direct filtration and double filtration systems presented stable final effluent with turbidity lower
than 0.5 NTU and apparent color lower than 15 uC. However, the filtration run of the direct
filtration system was very short, due to the rapid evolution of head loss in the tested filter media.
The double filtration system presented long filtration runs, slow evolution of head loss and
adequate removal of color and turbidity, even for tests with raw water of worse quality, bringing
great robustness to the treatment system. |
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