Conflitos de atividades antrópicas com a conservação das tartarugas marinhas na região da Bacia Potiguar, Brasil
Brazil has a coast that is threatened by economic activities and accelerated urbanization process, causing ecosystem unbalance and decreasing socioenvironmental quality. The existing socioeconomic activities in the Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil, pose risks to the sea turtle species that occu...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/48566 |
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| Resumo: | Brazil has a coast that is threatened by economic activities and accelerated urbanization process, causing
ecosystem unbalance and decreasing socioenvironmental quality. The existing socioeconomic activities in the
Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil, pose risks to the sea turtle species that occur in the region. We analyzed
gonad samples and data obtained of strandings and nests of sea turtles from 2010 to 2021 during the activities
Beach Monitoring Project in Potiguar Basin to assess the potential impacts of human activities on sea turtles,
as well as the nesting ecology and reproductive maturation of these animals. Anthropogenic interaction was
classified into 12 categories (eight related to fishing activities). We analyzed 6,007 strandings, including four
sea turtle species (Chelonia mydas, Green turtle; Eretmochelys imbricata, Hawksbill turtle; Lepidochelys
olivacea, Ridley turtle; Caretta caretta, Loggerhead turtle) and anthropogenic interaction was observed in
12.88% (n=774) of the strandings. Chelonia mydas represented 94.05% of the total records with anthropogenic
interaction and fishing-related strandings accounted for 81.65%. Juvenile individuals were more affected than
adults; likewise, females were more affected than males. Icapuí and Areia Branca are very populous
municipalities, and showed large number of strandings with signs of anthropogenic interaction. Our analyses
revealed that fishing-related strandings were reported throughout the year; however, a larger number of
records occurred in the dry season and during the lobster-fishing season. The municipalities of Macau/RN and
Guamaré/RN were the priority areas for reproduction of sea turtles, with the highest number of registered
nests (60.70% and 20.82%, respectively). The nesting season for E. imbricata occurred between December
and May and for L. olivacea from March to August. Hawksbills had clutch size, incubation time, number of
unhatched eggs, and dead hatchlings higher than olive Ridley turtles; nevertheless, they presented lower
hatching success. Precipitation between 0 and 22 mm and relative humidity (RH) higher than 69% increased
the hatching success rate for E. imbricata; however, rainfall above 11 mm and RH 64% had the same effect
for L. olivacea. There is anthropogenic influence on the levels of reproductive posture of females and on the
hatchlings and nests of these animals; buildings, light pollution, fishing activity, egg theft and anthropogenic
waste were the main impact indicators found in the area. The length of the carapace of sea turtles is not
appropriate to identify the stage of reproductive maturation when used in isolation, and histological analysis
is an adequate technique for this purpose, therefore, it is recommended to adopt the minimum size in which
reproductive activity is observed in the gonadal tissue, through histological analysis, as a basis for the initial
reproductive size. In addition, the histomorphometric analysis offers opportunities to increase the
understanding of the attributes that influence the sexual maturation of these animals. The results of this
research provide subsidies for management measures, mitigation, and the adoption of public policies to
minimize the impacts on sea turtles, helping to conserve them. |
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