Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento

Welding processes are widely used in the Oil and Gas industry. However, such procedures promote thermal cycling that often leaves residual stresses and microstructural changes that cause increased hardness in the weld regions - especially in the coarse-grained zone (CGHAZ) of the heat-affected zone...

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Autor principal: Santos, Anderson Douglas Simão dos
Outros Autores: Barra, Sérgio Rodrigues
Formato: bachelorThesis
Idioma:pt_BR
Publicado em: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Assuntos:
Passe de revenimento
Soldagem
Petróleo e gás
Aço API X70
Temper bead
Welding
Oil and gas
API X70 steel
Endereço do item:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/48296
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id ri-123456789-48296
record_format dspace
institution Repositório Institucional
collection RI - UFRN
language pt_BR
topic Passe de revenimento
Soldagem
Petróleo e gás
Aço API X70
Temper bead
Welding
Oil and gas
API X70 steel
spellingShingle Passe de revenimento
Soldagem
Petróleo e gás
Aço API X70
Temper bead
Welding
Oil and gas
API X70 steel
Santos, Anderson Douglas Simão dos
Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento
description Welding processes are widely used in the Oil and Gas industry. However, such procedures promote thermal cycling that often leaves residual stresses and microstructural changes that cause increased hardness in the weld regions - especially in the coarse-grained zone (CGHAZ) of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of carbon steel and low-alloy steel components. For this reason, post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) are used for the purpose of tempering and controlling micro-constituents that are deleterious to the toughness of steel. However, this procedure requires considerable time and financial costs. In this sense, the Temper Bead Welding (TBW) presents itself as an alternative technique that aims at the metallurgical effect on the hardness of the HAZ under previously analyzed conditions, mainly in the control of the phase transformation in the solid state and its consequent effect on the hardness of the regions welding of these assets, without the need for PHWT, allowing considerable savings. In the present work, API 5L X70 steel, which combines satisfactory weldability and high mechanical strength to be used in pipelines in the oil industry, was selected to study the effect of TBW in terms of reducing hardness in the CGHAZ to levels accepted by codes and standards. For that, the overlapping of the beads at 25, 50 and 75% was considered as a variable, applying to three types of samples: with two layers of different thermal inputs, others with a pair of beads superimposed on each other; plus single passes for comparison purposes. In this way, optical and electronic microscopic analyzes and Vickers microhardness tests were performed to evaluate microstructure and hardness in the CGHAZ and validate the TBW technique. The single pass sample with the lowest heat input (E1 ≅ 0.79 kJ/mm) obtained the highest hardness values, with a high fraction of the ferrite phase with the second phase aligned FS(A). The experimental results, however, show that the 50% overlap obtained optimal values in terms of hardness reduction, representing a drop of 43.4% in relation to the sample with greater hardness and of 48.1% in relation to the maximum hardness allowed by the API 6A standard, and it was found that the tempering passes with higher heat inputs (E2 ≅ 1.58 kJ/mm) caused satisfactory tempering in the CGHAZ of the previously deposited E1 input beads, a fact responsible for the resulting low levels of hardness , presenting results accepted by codes/standards.
author2 Barra, Sérgio Rodrigues
author_facet Barra, Sérgio Rodrigues
Santos, Anderson Douglas Simão dos
format bachelorThesis
author Santos, Anderson Douglas Simão dos
author_sort Santos, Anderson Douglas Simão dos
title Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento
title_short Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento
title_full Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento
title_fullStr Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento
title_full_unstemmed Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento
title_sort soldagem do aço api 5l x70: controle da dureza na zgg pela técnica de passe de revenimento
publisher Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
publishDate 2022
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/48296
work_keys_str_mv AT santosandersondouglassimaodos soldagemdoacoapi5lx70controledadurezanazggpelatecnicadepassederevenimento
AT santosandersondouglassimaodos weldingofapi5lx70steelhardnesscontrolinthecghazbytemperbeadtechnique
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spelling ri-123456789-482962022-06-29T13:07:19Z Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento Welding of API 5L X70 steel: hardness control in the CGHAZ by temper bead technique Santos, Anderson Douglas Simão dos Barra, Sérgio Rodrigues http://lattes.cnpq.br/1074548091228535 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1370658305036441 Silva, José Hilton Ferreira da http://lattes.cnpq.br/3246011065909437 Campos Júnior, José Ribamar http://lattes.cnpq.br/5289859159562200 Silva, Erijanio Nonato da http://lattes.cnpq.br/4827184282136774 Passe de revenimento Soldagem Petróleo e gás Aço API X70 Temper bead Welding Oil and gas API X70 steel Welding processes are widely used in the Oil and Gas industry. However, such procedures promote thermal cycling that often leaves residual stresses and microstructural changes that cause increased hardness in the weld regions - especially in the coarse-grained zone (CGHAZ) of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of carbon steel and low-alloy steel components. For this reason, post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) are used for the purpose of tempering and controlling micro-constituents that are deleterious to the toughness of steel. However, this procedure requires considerable time and financial costs. In this sense, the Temper Bead Welding (TBW) presents itself as an alternative technique that aims at the metallurgical effect on the hardness of the HAZ under previously analyzed conditions, mainly in the control of the phase transformation in the solid state and its consequent effect on the hardness of the regions welding of these assets, without the need for PHWT, allowing considerable savings. In the present work, API 5L X70 steel, which combines satisfactory weldability and high mechanical strength to be used in pipelines in the oil industry, was selected to study the effect of TBW in terms of reducing hardness in the CGHAZ to levels accepted by codes and standards. For that, the overlapping of the beads at 25, 50 and 75% was considered as a variable, applying to three types of samples: with two layers of different thermal inputs, others with a pair of beads superimposed on each other; plus single passes for comparison purposes. In this way, optical and electronic microscopic analyzes and Vickers microhardness tests were performed to evaluate microstructure and hardness in the CGHAZ and validate the TBW technique. The single pass sample with the lowest heat input (E1 ≅ 0.79 kJ/mm) obtained the highest hardness values, with a high fraction of the ferrite phase with the second phase aligned FS(A). The experimental results, however, show that the 50% overlap obtained optimal values in terms of hardness reduction, representing a drop of 43.4% in relation to the sample with greater hardness and of 48.1% in relation to the maximum hardness allowed by the API 6A standard, and it was found that the tempering passes with higher heat inputs (E2 ≅ 1.58 kJ/mm) caused satisfactory tempering in the CGHAZ of the previously deposited E1 input beads, a fact responsible for the resulting low levels of hardness , presenting results accepted by codes/standards. FINEP PRH/ANP Os processos de soldagem são amplamente utilizados na indústria de Petróleo e Gás. No entanto, tais procedimentos promovem ciclos térmicos que geralmente deixam tensões residuais e mudanças microestruturais que causam o aumento da dureza nas regiões de solda - especialmente na zona de grãos grosseiros (ZGG) da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) dos componentes de aço carbono e baixa liga. Por esse motivo, os tratamentos térmicos pós-soldagem (TTPS) são usados para fins de revenimento e controle de microconstituintes deletérios à tenacidade do aço. Contudo, este procedimento requer tempo e custos financeiros consideráveis. Nesse sentido, o Passe de Revenimento (PR) apresenta-se como uma técnica alternativa que visa o efeito metalúrgico sobre a dureza da ZTA sob condições previamente analisadas, principalmente no controle da transformação de fase no estado sólido e seu consequente efeito na dureza das regiões de solda desses ativos, sem a necessidade de TTPS, permitindo uma economia considerável. No presente trabalho, o aço API 5L X70, que combina soldabilidade satisfatória e alta resistência mecânica para ser utilizado em dutos na indústria do petróleo, foi selecionado para realizar o estudo do efeito do PR em termos de redução de dureza na ZGG a níveis aceitos por códigos e normas. Para tanto, foi considerada, como variável, a sobreposição dos cordões em 25, 50 e 75%, aplicando em três tipos de amostras: com duas camadas de diferentes aportes térmicos, outras com um par de cordões sobrepostos um ao outro; além de passes únicos para fins de comparação. Dessa forma, análises microscópicas óticas e eletrônicas e testes de microdureza Vickers foram realizados para avaliar microestrutura e dureza na ZGG e validar a técnica PR. A amostra com passe único de menor aporte térmico (E1 ≅ 0,79 kJ/mm) obteve os maiores valores de dureza, com elevada fração da fase ferrita com segunda fase alinhada FS(A). Os resultados experimentais, no entanto, mostram que a sobreposição de 50% obteve valores ótimos em termos de redução de dureza, representando uma queda 43,4% em relação à amostra de maior dureza e de 48,1% em relação à máxima dureza permitida pela norma API 6A, sendo constatado que os passes de revenimento com maiores aportes térmicos (E2 ≅ 1,58 kJ/mm) causaram, na ZGG dos cordões previamente depositados de aporte E1, revenimento satisfatório, fato responsável pelos consequentes baixos níveis de dureza resultantes, apresentando resultados aceitos por códigos/normas. 2022-06-29T13:07:18Z 2022-06-29T13:07:18Z 2022-06-21 bachelorThesis SANTOS, Anderson Douglas Simão dos. Soldagem do aço API 5L X70: controle da dureza na ZGG pela técnica de passe de revenimento. 2022. 108 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2022. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/48296 pt_BR Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brasil UFRN Engenharia de Materiais Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais

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