Sons da caatinga: testando a hipótese do nicho acústico
Sound is one of the main communication channels used by animals. The acoustic space can be considered as a finite ecological resource, subject to competition for the species that share the same habitat. In this context, the Acoustic Niche Hypothesis (HNA) predicts that species avoid emitting sound s...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/47291 |
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| Resumo: | Sound is one of the main communication channels used by animals. The acoustic space can be considered as a finite ecological resource, subject to competition for the species that share the same habitat. In this context, the Acoustic Niche Hypothesis (HNA) predicts that species avoid emitting sound signals at the same time or frequency, in order to minimize the overlap of sounds. The general objective of this work was to test the Niche Acoustic Hypothesis, verifying the existence of temporal and spectral partition when the animals are emitting sound signals, and the difference of seasonality in the acoustic niche partitioning dynamics. Data collection was performed in an area of Caatinga, which has a strong seasonality, with marked dry and rainy seasons. We used data from 3 non-consecutive days during each season subsampling a 1 minute every 15 minutes of recordings (96 minutes per day). The signals identified as animal sounds were selected and the overlap between them was evaluated using the Pianka index, comparing the index value obtained with the value generated by a null model. In 576 minutes of recordings a total of 125 sound signals were found and identified as birds, 77 as orthopterans, 02 as cicadas, 02 as anurans and 02 as mammals. The analysis of niche overlap for duration of acoustic signals and for frequency bands occupied by each animal group suggests a low overlap in both seasons. The observed indices values could not be randomly generated and reflect the occurrence of biological processes in time and frequency domain. The results corroborate the hypothesis that acoustic communication between animals can be explained by competition and consequent adaptation of organisms to coexistence during acoustic communication. |
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