O mercado de trabalho no Semiárido Setentrional na pandemia da COVID-19
The Northern Semiarid (SS) is a region located in Northeastern Brazil, characterized by a large population volume and a dry and arid climate. During the 2000s, the region's economy has advanced with industrialization, exports, and the implementation of public policies that have changed the l...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/47143 |
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| Resumo: | The Northern Semiarid (SS) is a region located in Northeastern Brazil, characterized by a large
population volume and a dry and arid climate. During the 2000s, the region's economy has
advanced with industrialization, exports, and the implementation of public policies that have
changed the lives of the population, such as the Bolsa Família Program and the Luz para Todos
Program. As of 2015, the region's economic situation has deteriorated, and as of 2020, with the
arrival of the COVID-19 Pandemic, new challenges have emerged. The objective of the present
study is to analyze the labor market in the Northern Semiarid before and during the Covid-19
pandemic, considering the differences between the Units of the Federation that make up the
region. The data source used is PNAD-Continuous, referring to the 3rd quarters of 2019, 2020
and 2021, which are quarters that capture the scenario before the arrival of Covid-19 and the
first and second year of the pandemic. Since the PNAD-Continuous does not have coverage at
the municipal level, a proxy was used to identify the geographic regions belonging to the SS.
The results show worsening in key labor market indicators in the region during the pandemic.
In Q3 2019, 49.0% of the SS working-age population was out of the labor force. One year later,
with the pandemic, there was the expulsion of 1.1 million workers from the labor force, with
the participation rate reaching a value of 43.9%. There is a slight recovery in Q3 2021, when
the rate stands at 48.3%, but still lower than before the pandemic. In terms of unemployment,
the SS unemployment rate worsens in 2020 (15.4%) and recovers in 2021 (14.6%), but still
worse than before the pandemic (12.4%). Although the entire region was affected by the
pandemic, there are differences between the states that make up the SS. In the micro-regions of
the SS belonging to Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco was where the highest levels of
unemployment were observed in Q3 2020, with unemployment rates of 18.5% and 18.3%,
respectively. The lowest vacancy rate in Q3 2020 was observed in the SS region located in
Ceará. When the combined rate of unemployment and underemployment due to insufficient
hours worked was evaluated, the SS microregion located in Piauí presented the worst scenario,
reaching 36.1% in Q3 2020. The different results in the labor market in the UF that make up
the SS point to possible differences in the way public policies in action before the pandemic
may have mitigated its negative impacts. Given the worsening of labor market indicators in the
Northern Semiarid region, an increase in intra-regional inequality and in relation to the rest of
the country is expected. Finally, we emphasize the need for the urgent resumption of public
policies aimed at the socio-demographic and economic reality of the region. |
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