Mosquitos vetores (Diptera: Culicidae) do semiárido brasileiro: fatores bioecológicos e socioepidemiológicos
Mosquitoes are insects present all over the planet. Currently, about 3,578 species are known. In Brazil, about 530 mosquito species are reported, among which some are considered vectors of pathogens that cause diseases. It is estimated that about 80 species occur in seasonal tropical dry forest (Caa...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/46672 |
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| Resumo: | Mosquitoes are insects present all over the planet. Currently, about 3,578 species are known.
In Brazil, about 530 mosquito species are reported, among which some are considered vectors
of pathogens that cause diseases. It is estimated that about 80 species occur in seasonal tropical
dry forest (Caatinga), an exclusively Brazilian biome. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do
Norte, 76 species have been recorded. The blood feeding, on the part of females, ends up
favoring the infection and transmission of pathogens. Rio Grande do Norte has been suffering
over the years with epidemics of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya, diseases whose main vector
is the Aedes aegypti. Studies on the mosquito fauna in the state are still scarce, requiring further
research for a better understanding of the relationships of these insects in the transmission of
pathogens and the environment. In this sense, the present work sought to inventory the fauna
of Culicidae in the municipality of Currais Novos in urban and preserved natural areas, aiming
to understand the bio-ecological and socio-epidemiological interactions. In the urban area,
monthly monitoring of the Aedes aegypti population was performed using ovitraps. The traps
were installed and in the intra-domicile, equidistant about 300 m, installed and exposed for
seven days and then replaced. The Ovitrap Positivity (OVI), Egg Density (ODI) and Mean Egg
Index (IMO) were calculated for each period studied, which are important for understanding
the population dynamics and reproductive period of mosquitoes. A total of 92,340 eggs were
collected during the study, between May 2018 and March 2020. The positivity index of ovitraps
showed a positive correlation with precipitation. Viral research in adult insects from the
collected eggs revealed a possible new insect-specific virus by phylogenetic inference methods:
Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Neighbor-Joining. In a forest environment,
eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were investigated. Eggs were collected using ovitraps. Immature
insects were collected by active search in natural breeding sites, and adult insects by Shannon
traps. All collections occurred once a month, in the preserved area in the period from April
2017 to March 2020 in the Cânion dos Apertados in Currais Novos. A total of 15 taxa were
found, being 14 of immature and 13 of adult mosquitoes. The correlation of the insects with
local climatic variables was verified, with temperature as the predominant climatic component. For immature mosquitoes, 14 types of natural breeding sites were registered. A total of 2,342
adult mosquitoes were collected between 5pm-8pm. However, only specimens of the wild
species Haemagogus spegazzinii were found infected with arbovirus, dengue virus type 2. Egglaying of this mosquito takes place mainly during the period when rainfall is heaviest, and these
eggs can survive for up to 380 days in the environment. The development of Hg. spegazzinii
lasts about 14 days from hatching to adulthood, and these may present 3 morphotypes in
addition to the classical pattern for the species. We report the first record of Hg. spegazzinii in
an urban environment, and the presence of Ae. albopictus in the municipality of Currais Novos,
RN. Thus, this work adds new information about the mosquitoes of the seasonal tropical dry
forest and contributes to the understanding of their biology and survival strategies in the semiarid region in urban and natural environments. In this aspect, the monitoring of mosquito
populations can help in public policies for the control and combat of these insects from the
knowledge about the niches, bioecology, frequency, abundance, and seasonality of mosquitoes. |
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