Evolução das práticas alimentares em crianças menores de dois anos: uma análise da coorte brasileira do estudo MAL-ED
Eating habits in the first two years of life impact children's nutritional and health status, influencing growth and development. Few studies have prospectively evaluated these practices, also considering the characteristics of the foods used, such as their level of processing. This study aimed...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/45863 |
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| Resumo: | Eating habits in the first two years of life impact children's nutritional and
health status, influencing growth and development. Few studies have prospectively
evaluated these practices, also considering the characteristics of the foods used,
such as their level of processing. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of eating
habits in children under two years of age, considering indicators from the World
Health Organization (WHO) and the level of processing of the food consumed. This
study is part of a multicentric birth cohort (MAL-ED). For this work, children from the
Brazilian cohort at 9 (n=193), 15 (n=182) and 24 months (n=164) were evaluated.
Dietary practices were analyzed using 24-hour recalls, using the indicators
proposed by the WHO. Foods consumed were evaluated according to the level of
processing. Logistic regression models were built to determine socioeconomic
variables and dietary practices associated with the consumption of ultra-processed
foods at 9, 15 and 24 months of age. The number of breastfed children decreased
over time, from 77.6% at 9 months to 55.0% at 15 months and 45.1% at 24 months.
The minimum meal frequency was reached by 88.6% of the children at 9 months,
99.5% at 15 months and 97% at 24 months. Although dietary diversity did not
increase significantly during the study period, the minimum acceptable diet
increased significantly to 76.1% at 24 months (p <0.0005). There were also high
percentages of children consuming sweetened beverages - 100% at 15 and 24
months. A significant increase in the number of children consuming sentinel foods
was also seen, 5.7% at 9 months, 9.9% at 15 months and 18.9% at 24 months (Chisquare, p < 0.0005). The indicator of zero consumption of vegetables and fruits also
significantly increased, with 14% at 9 months, 17.6% at 15 months and 30.5% at 24
months (Chi-square, p < 0.0005). The number and frequency of unprocessed food
consumption decreased from 9 to 24 months of age (p < 0.0005); while the number
and frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods increased (p < 0.0005)
during the study period. Logistic regressions showed that, at 9 months, children who
were breastfed presented a lower chance of high consumption of ultra-processed
foods (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19 - 0.95) and children who reached the minimum
acceptable diet were more likely to have this high consumption (OR = 4.74; 95% CI
= 1.50 – 14.94). Thus, reduced breastfeeding, high consumption of sweetened
beverages, increased consumption of sentinel foods and increased percentage of
children who did not consume vegetables and fruits, added to the reduction in the
consumption of unprocessed foods and increased consumption of ultra-processed
foods, demonstrated a reduction in the quality of dietary practices over the first two
years of life. Breastfeeding an important protective factor against a greater
consumption of ultra-processed foods. |
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