Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico: uma revisão de literatura das suas principais características
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by being inflammatory, chronic and multisystemic, with clinical and serological heterogeneity, caused by the production of autoantibodies, especially against nuclear antigens. SLE is relatively uncommon and, as it is very hete...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/44883 |
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| Resumo: | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by being inflammatory, chronic and multisystemic, with clinical and serological heterogeneity, caused by the production of autoantibodies, especially against nuclear antigens. SLE is relatively uncommon and, as it is very heterogeneous, it is difficult to diagnose and capture all cases, however, it is noted that the disease can affect any individual, regardless of gender, age and ethnicity, nonetheless, it is perceived a higher frequency in women compared to men, in the reproductive age and in black ethnicity compared to white. Data from the Lupus Foundation of America show that 5 million people worldwide are affected by SLE, with 90% occurring in women; already, data from the United States show a prevalence of 241 patients per 100,000 inhabitants, which is the highest worldwide prevalence. In Brazil, SLE does not comprise compulsory notification diseases and its data are scarce, but it is evident that there are around 65,000 individuals affected in the country, and that the highest national incidence was recorded in the capital of Rio Grande do Norte, with 8.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. Its causes and origins are not fully understood, however, it is believed that they are mainly the result of genetic, environmental and hormonal contributions, which lead to a break in the immunological tolerance of T and B cells with the production of autoantibodies and formation of immune complexes, mediators of tissue damage. The onset and progression of SLE is closely related to an imbalance between high production of apoptotic material containing nuclear components and/or its impaired clearance, leading to its internalization by phagocytic cells of innate immunity that present them to T cells, activating it, which incite B cells, that have already recognized the nuclear components, to secrete antinuclear autoantibodies. Immune complexes are formed, taken up by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, leading to the production of type I interferon, a powerful immunological adjuvant, important in the development of a disease that affects several immune cells. Immune complexes are also capable of activating the complement system and inducing a tissue inflammatory response through cytokines produced by neutrophils. There is a variety of clinical manifestations presented by patients with SLE, including cutaneous, renal and musculoskeletal involvement, necessary for the diagnosis, together with laboratory tests, with emphasis on the antinuclear factor test. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antimalarial agents, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are necessary drugs for the pharmacological treatment of SLE. |
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