Diversidade metagenômica do fitoplâncton e risco social de florações de cianobactérias em reservatórios do semiárido brasileiro: mediação da pesquisa e ensino para o letramento científico
The present study was based on four objectives, each corresponding to a chapter: 1) describe and compare the metagenomic diversity of the phytoplankton community, with emphasis on cyanobacteria, with the diversity obtained by the traditional method by optical microscopy; 2) explain how the social fo...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/44825 |
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| Resumo: | The present study was based on four objectives, each corresponding to a chapter: 1) describe
and compare the metagenomic diversity of the phytoplankton community, with emphasis on
cyanobacteria, with the diversity obtained by the traditional method by optical microscopy; 2)
explain how the social formulation of environmental risks tied to potentially toxic algal
blooms occurred, in reservoirs in the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu Hydrographic Basin; 3) To
validate the Instrument for Planning and Didactic Evaluation of Socioscientific Issues
(IPADQSC); 4) To evaluate how a teacher training course, about QSC related to the water
theme, contributes to the understanding and application of these concepts, in the construction
of teaching sequences in the perspective of scientific literacy and environmental
sustainability. Total DNA was extracted in water samples from Boqueirão de Parelhas and
Passagem das Traíras reservoirs, and the genetic material was sequenced and analyzed with
the help of the MG-RAST tool. The analysis of phytoplankton composition by metagenomics
revealed 238 species, distributed in 13 groups, with cyanobacteria abundance above 90%.
Comparing the two identification techniques, a higher phytoplankton diversity was found
when the metagenomic identification technique was used, especially for the picoplanktonic
species, to the detriment of the traditional optical microscopy identification. The diversity of
filamentous cyanobacteria species, and potentially producers of cyanotoxins, represent the
risk of instensification of the blooms in periods of extreme drought. The literature review,
with a time frame between 1996 and 2020, detected the following social and environmental
risks linked to eutrophication: contamination of water by cyanotoxins, ecological changes in
the aquatic community, changes in the limnological patterns of water bodies, and damage to
human health due to the use of contaminated water. The IPADQSC was designed according to
the theoretical assumptions of the QSC and investigative teaching approaches, was validated
with questionnaires applied to elementary school science and biology teachers, some with
master's level in science teaching and university professors. It was found during validation
that seven of the 29 criteria were below the percentage of agreement, which required
adaptation to make the instrument understandable. During the training course, held for 107
teachers in initial and continuing education, 21 teaching sequences were developed on the
water theme using the QSC approach by means of the IPADQSC instrument. It was evident
that the teachers understood the fundamental concepts of the QSC approach and scientific
literacy, from indicators of scientific literacy, present in the sequences produced. It is
recommended the expansion of pedagogical training to mitigate the formative weaknesses and
contribute to overcoming the challenges that prevent the application of QSC in teaching practice. |
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