Estrutura e composição de macroinvertebrados bentônicos ocorrentes ao longo dos rios Mucambo e Punaú em hidroperíodos diferentes no Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste brasileiro
Over the years, societies depend on water resources not only to satisfy their domestic, industrial and agricultural needs, but also to provide health and well-being conditions. Habitat quality is one of the most important factors for the best result in colonization and establishment of biological co...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/44664 |
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| Resumo: | Over the years, societies depend on water resources not only to satisfy their domestic, industrial and agricultural needs, but also to provide health and well-being conditions. Habitat quality is one of the most important factors for the best result in colonization and establishment of biological communities in river environments. Invertebrates show several adaptations to maintain their position before the current, such as the presence of tarsal claws and a flattened shape, and in favor like encephalic fans. The objective of this work is to evaluate the structure and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates occurring in the Mucambo and Punaú rivers during the dry and rainy hydroperiods. The study areas are located on the Mucambo and Punaú rivers. Collections took place in the source, middle and mouth of each river. The collections were carried out with a rapiché-type entomological net, with a 500 μm mesh. The collected material was placed in 500 ml plastic bottles and 70% alcohol was added to preserve the organisms. The material was sorted, identified, counted, photographed and stored in eppendorffs with alcohol. Community composition, characterization of the trophic function, taxonomic richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index and the Equitability index were determined. A total of 10,731 individuals were collected, 3,105 in the Mucambo river and 1,697 in the Punaú river in the dry period. In the rainy season, there were 3,207 in the Mucambo river and 2,722 in the Punaú river. The Mucambo and Punaú rivers showed great diversity in terms of community composition, with the Thiaridae family having the highest number of individuals collected, followed by the Chironomidae family. The largest trophic group found was the collector for both rivers. The Punaú river presented greater taxonomic richness than the Mucambo river, as well as greater diversity and evenness. The Thiaridae family was quite representative in both rivers, being a common and abundant organism in the aquatic environment and tolerant to degradations in the ecosystem. The composition and distribution can be influenced by several factors, such as water flow, type of substrate, current speed, temperature, competition between different species and guilds and food availability, in addition to the existing trophic relationships in which the organisms are inserted . The greatest richness was observed in the dry hydroperiod since with the greater stability of the environment, the low rainfall, the organisms are able to move around and find more shelter in the environment more easily. The diversity and evenness indices show a high diversity and equality of the community in the Punaú River in the dry hydroperiod, while the lower values in the Mucambo River indicate a lower diversity and evenness. The habitat quality showed a high dominance of the Insecta class. The most evident functional groups in the Mucambo and Punaú rivers were predators. The wealth of the community was greater in the dry hydroperiod, as the flood period contributed to the decrease in the wealth of the community. It’s concluded that seasonality influenced the structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and, therefore, the diversity. |
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