Crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento sustentável: análise comparativa dos impactos ambientais entre os países que compõem o BRICS
The issue of incompatibility between economic growth and the preservation of natural resources was highlighted in the 1970s, in a scenario of economic crisis, growing social inequality and with the growing acceptance of environmental limits. Bearing in mind that economic growth is one of the causes...
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| Formato: | bachelorThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/41682 |
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| Resumo: | The issue of incompatibility between economic growth and the preservation of natural resources was highlighted in the 1970s, in a scenario of economic crisis, growing social inequality and with the growing acceptance of environmental limits. Bearing in mind that economic growth is one of the causes that negatively impact the environment, the present work seeks to analyze whether the growth trajectory of the emerging countries that form the BRICS group converge with the objectives of sustainable development. The choice of the BRICS group made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, is due to the bloc's relevance in the international scenario, both in economic and environmental aspects, which due to the demographic growth and the growth of its economies, has been observed in the last decade the intensification of pressure for natural resources. To achieve this goal, the literature was initially reviewed to address the concepts of economic growth, economic development and sustainable development. In addition, selected sustainability indicators were used, such as carbon dioxide emission, ecological footprint, biodiversity indicators and energy consumption by source, in order to analyze the situation of each country with regard to environmental sustainability. An econometric analysis was performed using panel data, through the estimation of an environmental Kuznets curve in order to verify the relationship between the carbon emissions of the BRICS and the growth of per capita income for the period from 1992 to 2019, in addition to assess the impact of the Kyoto Protocol on the trajectory of CO_2emission. The results found corroborated for an “N” shaped curve, showing the predominance of the scale effect over the composition effects and technical for the emerging group under analysis. In addition, even after the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, the levels of carbon dioxide emissions continued on an upward trend. Regarding the path to a socially inclusive and ecologically prudent economy, each BRICS country has advantages and obstacles that are inherent to the political, social, environmental and economic characteristics of each country along the way. Technological innovations are extremely important for the more efficient use of resources and for the mitigation of environmental impacts. However, natural resources are not perfectly substitutable goods, and changes in the pattern of consumption are necessary, together with technological innovation. In summary, not only the emerging countries, but all the countries of the globe must lead efforts in favor of a more sustainable society, in which the planet's carrying capacity is respected. |
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