Existem princípios de justiça equitativa na educação? Um estudo de programas educacionais executados pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação
This dissertation assumes the perspective that universal access to education is not enough to overcome educational and social inequalities of origin (COLEMAN, 1966; BOURDIEU and PASSERON, 1982; CASSASSUS, 2002; BROOKE & SOARES, 2008; COLEMAN, 2011). In order to achieve this, it is necessary t...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/31399 |
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| Resumo: | This dissertation assumes the perspective that universal access to education is not
enough to overcome educational and social inequalities of origin (COLEMAN, 1966;
BOURDIEU and PASSERON, 1982; CASSASSUS, 2002; BROOKE & SOARES,
2008; COLEMAN, 2011). In order to achieve this, it is necessary to deliberately adopt
mechanisms that correct inequalities, specifically equalizing principles that could
produce positive discrimination by giving more advantages to those who are at a
disadvantage and, thus, to promote social justice in the school environment with the
consequent reverberations for society as a whole, aiming at real equality (RAWLS,
1971; DUBET, 2001, 2004, 2008; CRAHAY, 2002, 2013). Based on this theoretical
and normative discussion, we have the following research question: what principles or
visions of justice are contained in the design of educational programs in Brazil and how
are they are operationalized at the time of implementation? To answer this question, a
double objective was established: to analyze the institutional design of a set of
programs executed by the National Education Development Fund (FNDE) as well as
to analyze the relationship between the formulation and implementation of a specific
program, the Proinfância, in the municipality of Natal, in order to verify how the
principles mobilized in the institutional design are reflected or not in the execution of
this policy. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was adopted which combined
technics of bibliographical revision concerning both the principles of justice in the
classical discussion of political philosophy and the justice at school, document analysis
of legislations and social policy reports, statistical descriptive analysis, as well as the
application and analysis of semi-structured interviews with managers and former
managers from FNDE and the Municipal Secretariat for Education of Natal. The results
from the set of programs analyzed by the framework of principles of justice emphasize
that no program is oriented by the meritocratic principle of justice, two of them are
oriented exclusively by the equalitarian principle, four of them are oriented by the
combination of both equalitarian and equitable principles and two of them exclusively
by the equitable principle. Furthermore, it was possible to identify challenges within the
implementation process of Proinfância in Natal, of which the main implementation
struggles indicated by managers were: the challenges of construction of daycare
centers, due to the existence of few constructors willing to execute the project, the
problematic frame of resource transfers, the recurrent problem of lack of adequate
public terrains for the project and with confirmation of ownership and the low technical-bureaucratic capacity of municipalities. However, it was perceived that, despite the
above-mentioned factors, the implementation of the program managed to meet the
principle of equitable justice designed in the formulation, bearing in mind that, of the
12 Day Care Centers built in the municipality with resources from Proinfancia, 10 are
located in the North and West Administrative Regions, an area that concentrates the
population with the lowest purchasing power in the city and 2 are located in the South
Administrative Region, the richest in the city, but which has urban enclaves and the
Nurseries were built, including in a area of housing estates, thus evidencing the
criterion of prioritizing families in places of greatest vulnerability. |
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