Relação entre os hábitos de sono, uso de mídias eletrônicas e atenção: um comparativo entre adolescentes da área urbana e suburbana da Região Metropolitana de Natal/RN
The objective of this research was to evaluate the relation between the use of electronic media and the degree of urbanization with sleep-wake cycle and attention components in adolescents. Participated in the study, 214 adolescents between 12 and 18 years-old of both sexes, being 111 from the ci...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/30760 |
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| Resumo: | The objective of this research was to evaluate the relation between the use of
electronic media and the degree of urbanization with sleep-wake cycle and attention
components in adolescents. Participated in the study, 214 adolescents between 12
and 18 years-old of both sexes, being 111 from the city with lower degree of
urbanization and 103 from that with higher degree, enrolled in the 8th and 9th years
of Elementary School II in the morning shift of the public school system of RN. The
sleep-wake cycle was assessed by the questionnaires “Health and Sleep”,
“Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index”, “Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire” and
“Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale”; in addition to Sleep Diaries and actigraphy
for 10 days. Besides, attention was assessed by the Continuous Execution Task.
Most adolescents that have electronic devices in the bedroom, being cell phones
the majority, have the habit of sending messages before sleep, listening to music,
and using it when waking up at night. Most people who share the bedroom with
these adolescents report the use of cell phones in bedroom. In the city with higher
degree of urbanization, a greater proportion of adolescents have TV in the bedroom
and the habit of watching it before bed; internet at home and on their cell phones;
and a greater proportion of internet access at home, but less access on their cell
phones. In addition, they have greater irregularity in get up time and more reports,
during the weekdays, of waking up only when someone calls them, in relation to
those that live in the city with lower degree of urbanization, who mostly wake up with
alarm clock aid. There was also a greater tendency to eveningness and higher levels
of daytime sleepiness in the city with higher degree of urbanization. Regardless of
the city, adolescents showed poor sleep quality and reported to use an electronic
device before sleep, at least one day, considering weekdays and weekend, with the
highest frequency on week. Regarding the components of attention, there was a
higher percentage of correct responses in all components, greater general stability
during the task, lower percentage of omissions in tonic alertness and selective
attention and a tendency to lower percentage of omissions in phasic alertness, in
the city with higher degree of urbanization. Considering the relation between the use
of electronic media and the degree of urbanization with sleep variables, the general
multivariate linear model did not show associations between the media use and the
sleep variables. On the other hand, the higher degree of urbanization was
associated with lower efficiency of sleep on weekdays (β = - 0.64; p <0.01) and
weekend, (β = - 0.70; p <0.01), lower latency of sleep (β = - 0.31; p <0.01), greater
number of awakenings at night on weekdays (β = - 0.69; p = 0.00) and weekend (β
= - 0.64; p <0.01), greater irregularity in bedtime (β = 0.38; p <0.01) and get up time
(β = 0.66; p <0.01) and a higher percentage of correct responses in selective
attention (β = 0.26; p <0.01). In addition, the model pointed out that girls have higher
levels of daytime sleepiness (β = - 0.18; p = 0.04), lower efficiency of sleep on
weekdays (β = 0.17; p = 0.02), and fewer nighttime awakenings on weekend (β =
0.22; p <0.01) when compared to the boys. Thus, in both cities, teens use media
device before sleep at least one day, considering weekdays and weekend, with the
highest frequency during week; and have bad sleep habits. The higher degree of
urbanization was associated with greater irregularity in sleep times, worse sleep
quality, greater daytime sleepiness and tendency to eveningness, but with better
attentional performance |
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