Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis

Dream reports collected after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. However, a comparison of the word-to-word structural organization of dream reports is lacking, and traditional mea...

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Principais autores: Martin, Joshua Michael, Andriano, Danyal Wainstein, Mota, Natália Bezerra, Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota, Araujo, John Fontenele, Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
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Idioma:English
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Dreams
Sleep, REM
Sleep stages
Endereço do item:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29742
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spelling ri-123456789-297422020-08-02T07:54:39Z Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis Martin, Joshua Michael Andriano, Danyal Wainstein Mota, Natália Bezerra Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota Araujo, John Fontenele Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes Dreams Sleep, REM Sleep stages Dream reports collected after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. However, a comparison of the word-to-word structural organization of dream reports is lacking, and traditional measures that distinguish REM and non-REM dreaming may be confounded by report length. This problem is amenable to the analysis of dream reports as non-semantic directed word graphs, which provide a structural assessment of oral reports, while controlling for individual differences in verbosity. Against this background, the present study had two main aims: Firstly, to investigate differences in graph structure between REM and non-REM dream reports, and secondly, to evaluate how non-semantic directed word graph analysis compares to the widely used measure of report length in dream analysis. To do this, we analyzed a set of 133 dream reports obtained from 20 participants in controlled laboratory awakenings from REM and N2 sleep. We found that: (1) graphs from REM sleep possess a larger connectedness compared to those from N2; (2) measures of graph structure can predict ratings of dream complexity, where increases in connectedness and decreases in randomness are observed in relation to increasing dream report complexity; and (3) measures of the Largest Connected Component of a graph can improve a model containing report length in predicting sleep stage and dream report complexity. These results indicate that dream reports sampled after REM awakening have on average a larger connectedness compared to those sampled after N2 (i.e. words recur with a longer range), a difference which appears to be related to underlying differences in dream complexity. Altogether, graph analysis represents a promising method for dream research, due to its automated nature and potential to complement report length in dream analysis. 2020-07-27T17:53:41Z 2020-07-27T17:53:41Z 2020-07-23 article MARTIN, Joshua M.; ANDRIANO, Danyal Wainstein; MOTA, Natalia B.; MOTA-ROLIM, Sergio A.; ARAÚJO, John Fontenele; SOLMS, Mark; RIBEIRO, Sidarta. Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis. Plos One, [S.l.], v. 15, n. 7, p. e0228903, jul. 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228903. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2020. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29742 10.1371/journal.pone.0228903 en Attribution 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/ application/pdf
institution Repositório Institucional
collection RI - UFRN
language English
topic Dreams
Sleep, REM
Sleep stages
spellingShingle Dreams
Sleep, REM
Sleep stages
Martin, Joshua Michael
Andriano, Danyal Wainstein
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota
Araujo, John Fontenele
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
description Dream reports collected after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. However, a comparison of the word-to-word structural organization of dream reports is lacking, and traditional measures that distinguish REM and non-REM dreaming may be confounded by report length. This problem is amenable to the analysis of dream reports as non-semantic directed word graphs, which provide a structural assessment of oral reports, while controlling for individual differences in verbosity. Against this background, the present study had two main aims: Firstly, to investigate differences in graph structure between REM and non-REM dream reports, and secondly, to evaluate how non-semantic directed word graph analysis compares to the widely used measure of report length in dream analysis. To do this, we analyzed a set of 133 dream reports obtained from 20 participants in controlled laboratory awakenings from REM and N2 sleep. We found that: (1) graphs from REM sleep possess a larger connectedness compared to those from N2; (2) measures of graph structure can predict ratings of dream complexity, where increases in connectedness and decreases in randomness are observed in relation to increasing dream report complexity; and (3) measures of the Largest Connected Component of a graph can improve a model containing report length in predicting sleep stage and dream report complexity. These results indicate that dream reports sampled after REM awakening have on average a larger connectedness compared to those sampled after N2 (i.e. words recur with a longer range), a difference which appears to be related to underlying differences in dream complexity. Altogether, graph analysis represents a promising method for dream research, due to its automated nature and potential to complement report length in dream analysis.
format article
author Martin, Joshua Michael
Andriano, Danyal Wainstein
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota
Araujo, John Fontenele
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
author_facet Martin, Joshua Michael
Andriano, Danyal Wainstein
Mota, Natália Bezerra
Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Mota
Araujo, John Fontenele
Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
author_sort Martin, Joshua Michael
title Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_short Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_full Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_fullStr Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_full_unstemmed Structural differences between REM and non-REM dream reports assessed by graph analysis
title_sort structural differences between rem and non-rem dream reports assessed by graph analysis
publishDate 2020
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29742
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AT motanataliabezerra structuraldifferencesbetweenremandnonremdreamreportsassessedbygraphanalysis
AT rolimsergioarthuromota structuraldifferencesbetweenremandnonremdreamreportsassessedbygraphanalysis
AT araujojohnfontenele structuraldifferencesbetweenremandnonremdreamreportsassessedbygraphanalysis
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