Nicho abiótico e efeitos do aquecimento global em Riorajini (Rajiformes, Arhynchobatidae), raias do Atlântico Sudoeste
The abiotic niche of species tells part of their ecological and evolutionary history, as well as helps to identify groups that are more susceptible to extinction in a context of a rapidly changing climate. Marine species from temperate regions are among the most vulnerable taxa because habitat lo...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29516 |
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| Resumo: | The abiotic niche of species tells part of their ecological and evolutionary history, as well as
helps to identify groups that are more susceptible to extinction in a context of a rapidly changing
climate. Marine species from temperate regions are among the most vulnerable taxa because
habitat loss as a consequence of thermal stress and other cascading impacts can constrain the
availability of suitable area of occurrence, or result in distribution shift towards higher latitudes.
The tribe Riorajini comprises four species of neotropical skates that are evaluated by IUCN as
vulnerable or endangered, and cooccur in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean: Atlantoraja
castelnaui, A. cyclophora, A. platana and Rioraja agassizii. The present dissertation is divided
into two chapters and uses this group as a model for eco-evolutionary studies. In the first
chapter, phylogenetic niche conservatism is questioned for a clade of sympatric and competitive
sister-species. Low niche overlap was expected to reduce interspecific competition between
closely-related species. The second chapter assessed the impacts of climate change on the
current geographical distribution of the tribe Riorajini. First, the phylogeny of the tribe was
reconstructed. Then, ecological niche models for each species of the group were developed
under current and future (2100, for the most extreme scenario) geophysical and climatic
conditions of the marine environment. Environmental data and species occurrence data were
compiled from public databases and literature. Niche shift and overlap were measured within
and between species. Results indicate phylogenetic niche conservatism in which shallow
waters, proximity to the coast, and low nitrate concentration are the most important variables
for the occurrence of these species. Under the future climatic scenario projected, the areas of
higher environmental suitability for the occurrence of each species analysed increases up to
20% towards deeper areas, suggesting that this clade will resist the thermal stress resulting from
global warming. Nevertheless, future studies should consider the combined effects of an
increase in temperature in the time of hatching of egg-capsules and the early development of
juveniles, as well as the impact of other factors potentially determining the coexistence of these
species, such as prey availability. |
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