Análise de aspectos socioambientais e produtivos da carcinicultura brasileira
Throughout its historical process, Brazilian shrimp farming, like that of other western countries, has achieved good rates of economic growth to the detriment of the negative socioenvironmental impacts generated. A pioneer in aquaculture practices, Asia has intensified the stocking density and re...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/29485 |
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| Resumo: | Throughout its historical process, Brazilian shrimp farming, like that of other western countries,
has achieved good rates of economic growth to the detriment of the negative
socioenvironmental impacts generated. A pioneer in aquaculture practices, Asia has intensified
the stocking density and reduced the area size of its crops with a focus on production
sustainability. In this context, this study is divided into three chapters, with the first being a
review of the state of the art. The second chapter has objective of analyzing the historical
process of shrimp farming in Brazil, seeking to understand its adaptations and elucidating its
development. For this, we analyze the complexity of the social organization and the
technological advances that have occurred in the sector and, then, we adopt the developmental
perspective of Amartya Sen, in secondary data, illustrating the activity and its impacts. The
results obtained show that as shrimp became one of the main commodities in northeastern
Brazil, there was an increase in the complexity of the sector's coordination. However, the
negative environmental impacts generated by its cultivation and the political measures that
deprived the Brazilian shrimp trade caused economic stagnation. In the third part, we aim to
assess how the stocking density of crops and their land use is arranged in Brazil. We analyzed
116 shrimp farming cycles, which took place from 2016 to 2019 on five farms. We compared
the duration of crops, the average weight of shrimp caught, the use of feed and the Feed
Conversion Rate between crops with densities of 6 and 10 shrimp / m², area sizes 2.6 and 4.9
hectares and number of phases by independent T test. We found that more densely grown crops
occur over larger areas and require a longer duration. Biphasic crops are the most densely
populated, occupy a larger area of land and use more feed. In all the variables analyzed, the
individual weight of the shrimp did not differ and the Feed Conversion Rate remained low. We
conclude that the western method of raising shrimp still has difficulties in intensifying crops
and reducing land use. The investment in two-phase crops allows optimizing the use of land,
but more effective measures are necessary to maintain the growth of production without
increasing the use of mangrove areas. And, finally, all actors related to the activity have claims
regarding experienced deprivations and the desire to expand their freedoms as a synonym for
development. |
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