Análise do risco à saúde de uma população exposta a radioatividade natural no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro
The uranium present in the geological formation of some cities in Rio Grande do Norte State contribute with an environmental contamination by radionuclides, among them radon gas and lead from the spontaneous decay process of this element. Natural radioactivity is capable of generating several neg...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Brasil
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/28798 |
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| Resumo: | The uranium present in the geological formation of some cities in Rio Grande do
Norte State contribute with an environmental contamination by radionuclides, among them
radon gas and lead from the spontaneous decay process of this element. Natural radioactivity
is capable of generating several negative effects on human health. In view of this, the present
study aimed to assess the damages to the health of the population from the municipality of
Lajes Pintadas/RN, facing the environmental contaminants present in the region. In order to
achieve this objective, the following methodologies were carried out: assessment of the risk
perception by the exposed population; the quantification of radon gas in residences;
quantification of lead in environmental and biological samples; evaluation of effects at
genetic level by genotoxicity test; and a bibliographical review on this topic in the State. The
data generated from the risk perception assessment showed that the population presents
socioeconomic conditions that make it vulnerable to the environmental concerns established
there. Even the majority of the population does not present knowledge about natural radiation,
there is a clear perception about the presence of a problem that is causing damage to the
health of the residents. Considering the results from the risk assessment, it was possible to
detect that there are low levels of lead in the environmental compartments and the population
is effectively exposed to geogenic lead. In addition, exposure to high levels of radon in the
Region were found fact that could compromise the health of the resident population. The
presence of this gas may be associated with the high frequency of cell death observed in the
individuals studied. However, evidence of the observed genetic damage supports the idea that
the radioactivity present in the region is one of the causative agents of cell changes. Thus,
these results point to the importance of studying the impact of by-products of natural radiation
in this region, since there is still little research in this area, as identified by the literature
review. Based on the analysis of these data, it is possible to manage this risk area, adopting
actions that could minimize the adverse impacts generated on the health of the population.
However, such concern is not a reality in underdeveloped countries such as Brazil. Despite
being a scientifically proven human health concern, public policies do not invest in resources
and as a result, government has to invest more and more in the health care of those who may
be victims of the effects of exposure to natural radioactivity. |
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