Prospecção de extratos de Tephrosia toxicaria Pers. para controle de nematoides das galhas e desenvolvimento de bionanoformulações derivadas dos extratos para aplicação como nematicida na agricultura
Among the phytonematoids, the genus Meloidogyne stands out, due to its genetic plasticity, versatility and adaptability, which places them as the main group causing damage to agriculture. Several compounds of plant origin have nematicidal activity, are profitable and environmentally safe, and can...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/28633 |
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| Resumo: | Among the phytonematoids, the genus Meloidogyne stands out, due to its genetic plasticity,
versatility and adaptability, which places them as the main group causing damage to
agriculture. Several compounds of plant origin have nematicidal activity, are profitable and
environmentally safe, and can be used in organic farming systems, however, many of these
products degrade easily, reducing persistence, making control difficult. In this sense, the
nanoencapsulation of botanical pesticides presents as a formidable technology, being able to
transform the physical state of the substances for better manipulation, allowing the
optimization of formulations with controlled release, thus avoiding their degradation, due to
adverse conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vivo nematicidal activity
of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of stems, leaves and roots of Tephrosia toxicaria
in the control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne enterolobii and M. javanica) in 'Pati'
tomato their environmental evaluation through cytotoxicity in 3T3 cells and soil ecotoxicity in
Caenorhabditis elegans. Then another set of assays to evaluate the in vitro effect of the
aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts free and conveyed in SNEDDS colloidal system of the
roots of T. toxicaria on root-knot nematodes (M. enterolobii and M. javanica) and their
environmental evaluation, with aquatic ecotoxicity in microcrustaceans (Ceriodaphinia dubia)
and phytotoxicity in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The results demonstrate that aqueous extracts of
leaves, stems and roots of T. toxicaria were efficient in the control of M. enterolobii and M.
javanica, and the leaves and roots were more promising, from the concentration of 0.8 %,
revealing the potential of these for the development of alternatives for the control of gnats
nematodes with low cost and low environmental risk. As for the second assay, it was
observed for the free aqueous extract, inhibited hatching and caused mortality (100%) of the
J2 from 0.2%; while free hydroalcoholic extract inhibited hatching from 0.1% and total
mortality from 0.2%, with similar behavior for both nematodes. As the hydroalcoholic extract,
which gave greater inhibition of hatching and mortality of juveniles. With the introduction of
the extracts in colloidal SNEDDS (Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems) containing
aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of roots of T. toxicaria were effective, in vitro, inhibition
complete of hatching from 0.10 and 0.025%, respectively; and total mortality from 0.050% in
the two types of extracts conveyed; to the ecotoxicity, it was also verified that the free extracts
caused mortality in only the two highest concentrations (1.6 and 3.2%), whereas the extracts
showed no aquatic toxicity to the microcrustacean (C. dubia); as for phytotoxicide on
germination of lettuce (L. sativa) seeds 'Summer Nanny' there was no harmful effect.
Considering these results, we can conclude that the polar extracts of T. toxicaria present
potential for application as a botanical nematicide. The SNEDDS system presented efficiency as a carrier system of the biomolecules of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of T. toxicaria,
maintaining the nematicidal effect of the active principles. The data set indicate the extracts of
T. toxicaria as an alternative to the control of gall nematodes, with significant effect at low
concentrations and with reasonable environmental safety. The SNEDDS, system carrier of the
polar extracts demonstrated potential as a new input for the management of root knots
nematodes, and may therefore result in a formulation that could be commercially employed in
agriculture, which resulted in a patent deposit with the National Institute of Industrial
Property (INPI). |
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