Vulnerabilidade no Seridó Potiguar: diferenciais de gênero no mercado de trabalho, nos benefícios assistenciais e na composição da renda diante do enfrentamento climático
Over time, women are increasingly entering the work force, but gender inequalities and discrimination persist, even in developed or developing regions. Discrimination ends up affecting women's lives through occupations and income, leaving them in conditions of social and economic vulnerabili...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Brasil
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/28166 |
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| Resumo: | Over time, women are increasingly entering the work force, but gender inequalities and
discrimination persist, even in developed or developing regions. Discrimination ends up
affecting women's lives through occupations and income, leaving them in conditions of
social and economic vulnerability. In regions facing climate change, inequalities are more
relevant in relation to the work force, and in this context income transfer programs are
important in reducing poverty; mainly in households led by women. In Brazil, the region
that suffers most from climate vulnerability is the Northeast, characterized by the semiarid
climate, and in this region is the Seridó Potiguar - located in the state of Rio Grande do
Norte / RN - the area of analysis of this dissertation. Considering these factors, this study
aims to analyze gender differences in the work force, as well as the source and income
values of residents in Seridó Potiguar. Descriptive analyzes were performed, having as
main data source the survey method that was, in turn, carried out January 31, 2017 until
February 23 of the same year; in urban households in seventeen towns of Seridó Potiguar,
totaling 1,064 visits. Through the results it was found that the Seridó Potiguar region
follows the same structure of occupations and income of the country, in which women are
inserted in less valued occupations and receive lower salaries. A very significant difference
between men and women, which exceeds the national average, was identified in access to
the work force. Specifically, only 38,20% of women 14 years of age and older were
employed in the reference week, while among men this percentage was 62,52%.
Consequently, 61,80% of women have greater social vulnerability and, therefore, are the
ones that most need assistance programs. Regarding income from work, despite the
superiority of male income over female income, the contrast is lower in Seridó Potiguar
when compared to the national average; This is justified by the types of occupations in the
region that do not require many qualifications. In this region, men remain in occupations
linked to the productive environment and women in activities in the reproductive
environment. Therefore, the results of this dissertation confirm the hypothesis that in the
context of low economic, social and climate vulnerability development, such as drought,
income differentials, occupations and formalization, between men and women, are relevant,
and access to the work force for them is lower. As for water supply, by the variables
available in the research, there were no significant differences in access to water by type of
household arrangements. however, according to field perceptions, in households with the
greatest economic vulnerability, water purchase in terms of volume as well as storage
capacity is quite limited. As households led by women without spouses are those who
experience the lowest per capita income among other household arrangements, it can be
inferred that this arrangement is most affected by the climate situation. Thus, it is
concluded that the planning of public policies to lessen the effects of drought on the lives of
residents in the region of Seridó Potiguar is essential in the face of climate confrontation. |
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