Caracterização da microbiota de uma amostra de petróleo do pré-sal
Petroleum is one of the world's main source of energy. On Brazil pre-salt reservoir discovery and extraction has boosted oil production. However, such activity generates recurrent environmental contaminations, causing global problems. Microorganisms demonstrate the ability to degrade oil, so...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | pt_BR |
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Brasil
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/28015 |
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| Resumo: | Petroleum is one of the world's main source of energy. On Brazil pre-salt reservoir discovery
and extraction has boosted oil production. However, such activity generates recurrent
environmental contaminations, causing global problems. Microorganisms demonstrate the
ability to degrade oil, so microbial metabolism can provide an opportunity to bioremediate
contaminated environments and assist in reservoir management, contributing to maintenance
oil quality or oil recovery. Identification of the microbiota in the reservoir provides data to
understand the metabolism of oil degradation. It is worth mentioning that there are still no
pre-salt microbiota analyzes, described in the literature, by dependent or independent culture
approaches. The objective of this work was to obtain and characterize isolates and microbial
consortia (indefinite and definite) capable of degrading petroleum. From a pre-salt oil sample
three indefinite consortia and 26 isolates were obtained. To evaluate the potentials of the
consortia and isolates, the following tests were performed: i) oil degradation ability, ii)
production of biosurfactants; iii) cellular hydrophobicity; iv) biofilm production; v) enzymatic
activity of hydroxylases; vi) presence of rhamnolipid and vii) growth curve. All isolates
demonstrated the ability to degrade petroleum and some by-products by the DCPIP test, 46%
used kerosene and 7% degraded xylene and toluene. The oil dispersion test showed that all
isolates produce biosurfactants, yet 22 to emulsify kerosene. Lipase was produced by all
isolates, however, only 4 strains produced esterase. The isolates were identified as belonging
to the genera Bacillus (n= 9), Ochrobactrum (n = 11), Acinetobacter (n=2), Dermacoccus
(n=1) e Staphylococcus (n = 2). One definite consortium was elaborated with eleven isolates
that presented the best results in the functional tests. The estimation of degradation indicate
that all consortia degraded 100% of oil, diesel, gasoline, soybean oil, olive oil and
hexadecane, while degradation of kerosene was 46 to 90%, xylene 44 to 77% and toluene 43
to 78%; the emulsification index of the consortia ≥58%. The comparison of the results
between the selected and the indefinite consortia shows similarities in the functional
characteristics (growth curve, hydrocarbon degradation and biosurfactant production). It is
concluded that microorganisms obtained from or enriched by petroleum have the ability to
degrade oil from biofilm production and cell hydrophobicity modification, and the selected
consortium presents the same potential of the native microbiota, being a good possibility for
application of bioremediation; while indefinite consortia can provide data for reservoir
management. |
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