Do Norte ao Sul: a missão do cruzador "José Bonifácio" e a incorporação do pescador a um projeto de nação (1900-1930)
The present work aims at analyzing the actions and policies of the State aimed at the fisherman, specifically in the first half of the twentieth century, with emphasis on the process that became known as the mission of José Bonifácio cruiser. The Navy, between 1919 and 1923, organized a campaign...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/26305 |
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| Resumo: | The present work aims at analyzing the actions and policies of the State aimed at the fisherman,
specifically in the first half of the twentieth century, with emphasis on the process that became
known as the mission of José Bonifácio cruiser. The Navy, between 1919 and 1923, organized
a campaign that crossed the Brazilian coast, from the extreme north to the south of the country,
with the aim of its actions being the fishermen. The campaign became known as the mission of
Jose Bonifacio cruiser. The declared objectives of this campaign, in the beginning, were
scientific studies on the coast, in Brazilian waters, coastal sanitation, the organization of
fishermen in colonies, the conversion of them into National Navy military reserve and the
nationalization of fishing. At the head of this campaign was the frigate captain Frederico Villar,
an officer of the Navy who, since 1909, had been involved in fishing activities, such as trips to
Europe to study fishing industries on that continent countries, as well as in the preparation of
reports on how to organize fishing in Brazil. Since the 19th century, public authorities have
sought to organize fishing activities in the country, but we have focused our analysis between
the years 1900 and 1930, as a period in which there was much discussion about the development
of fishing through projects, laws and decrees that sought to establish a regularity for fishing, as
well as the influence of the First World War in organizing the campaign project. The mission
was the culmination of an administrative change in which the competence of fisheries affairs
had shifted from the Ministry of Agriculture to that of the Navy in 1920, as well as the statedirected
transformations of fishing activity. From the analysis of the ministerial reports of the
Navy and Agriculture, of periodicals, of legislation, of texts produced by the commanding
officer Frederico Villar, we sought to identify the motivations that led the Navy to organize this
campaign, the subjects involved, as well as the problems, conflicts and resistance to the mission
program. Some places were privileged in our analyzes, Pará and Rio de Janeiro states. The
choice of these places was made necessary by the way Frederico Villar's work on the mission,
published in 1945, dealt with the event. Villar dealt little with the aspects of the journey itself.
He declined to comment on his performance and that of the commission in the extreme northern,
in the states of Amazonas and Pará, and presented the event as a positive action. But what we
realized was that there were clashes and tensions against the mission of José Bonifácio. In Rio
de Janeiro, he highlighted some facts such as the “case of the poveiros”, Portuguese fishermen,
and a confusion involving the chronicler Paulo Barreto, known as João do Rio. Both events
occurred based on the mission and government actions at the time in the name of nationalization
law of fishing, in other words, the idea that the government was chasing Portuguese fishermen
based on that law. In these two places the campaign was associated with anti-lusitanism, which
Villar denied in one of his writings, stating that everything he had done was in accordance with
the law. In this sense, we will analyze a first part of the voyage of José Bonifácio cruiser, when
the ship left Rio de Janeiro on October 13, 1919 and returned to Rio on July 3, 1920. |
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