Structural differences in REM and Non-REM dream reports assessed by non-semantic speech graph analysis
The extent to which Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM) mentation may differ to that of non-REM remains an important area of enquiry in dream research. Previous studies have found that dream reports collected after REM awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre, emotional and story-like c...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24574 |
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| Resumo: | The extent to which Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM) mentation may differ to that of
non-REM remains an important area of enquiry in dream research. Previous studies have found
that dream reports collected after REM awakenings are, on average, longer, more vivid, bizarre,
emotional and story-like compared to those collected after non-REM. Despite this, a comparison
of the word-to-word structural organisation of dream reports is lacking, and traditional measures
that distinguish REM and non-REM dreaming may be confounded by report length. The analysis
of speech as directed word graphs can be suitably applied, as it provides a structural assessment
of verbal reports, while controlling for differences in verbosity. In the present study, we aimed to
investigate the differences in the connectedness of dream reports and their approximation to a
random-like structure through applying speech graph analysis to 125 mentation reports obtained
from 19 participants in controlled laboratory awakenings from REM and N2 sleep. We found
that: (1) transformed graphs from REM possess a larger connectedness compared to those from
N2; (2) measures of graph structure can predict ratings of dream complexity, where increases in
connectedness and decreases in their random-like nature are observed in relation to increasing
dream report complexity; and (3) the Largest Connected Component (LCC) can improve a model
containing report length in predicting sleep stage and dream complexity. These results suggest
that REM dream reports have a larger connectedness compared to N2 (i.e. words recur with a
longer range), which we interpret to be related to underlying differences in dream complexity.
They also point to speech graph analysis as a promising method for dream research, due to its
relation to dream complexity and its potential to complement report length in dream analysis. |
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