Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants

Biodiversity positively affects several ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which biodiversity affects ecosystems are still poorly understood and call for new experimental studies designed to identify its underlying components. Previous studies have suggested that more diverse plant...

ver descrição completa

Na minha lista:

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor principal:	Pinto, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira
Outros Autores:	http://lattes.cnpq.br/3652618631630152
Formato:	doctoralThesis
Idioma:	por
Publicado em:	Brasil
Assuntos:	Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning Functional diversity Invasive species Nutrient retention Phylogenetic diversity Plant traits Soil fertility Tropical dry forests CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
Endereço do item:	https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23964
Tags:	Adicionar Tag Sem tags, seja o primeiro a adicionar uma tag!

id	ri-123456789-23964
record_format	dspace
institution	Repositório Institucional
collection	RI - UFRN
language	por
topic	Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning Functional diversity Invasive species Nutrient retention Phylogenetic diversity Plant traits Soil fertility Tropical dry forests CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA
spellingShingle	Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning Functional diversity Invasive species Nutrient retention Phylogenetic diversity Plant traits Soil fertility Tropical dry forests CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA Pinto, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
description	Biodiversity positively affects several ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which biodiversity affects ecosystems are still poorly understood and call for new experimental studies designed to identify its underlying components. Previous studies have suggested that more diverse plant communities can provide more ecosystem stability due to complementarity and redundancy effects. Plant species diversity can act on different levels of the ecosystem properties. A clear example is the effect of plant diversity on nutrient dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Plant diversity can alter rates of soil nutrient accumulation and nutrient loading in aquatic systems. However, human impacts on natural ecosystems are leading to habitat and biodiversity loss. Such losses will ultimately jeopardize ecosystem functions and its associated services that are vital for human well-being. Therefore, the development of adequate restoration projects is paramount to mitigate anthropogenic impacts, while contributing to the conservation of biodiversity. Restoration projects offer the possibility to develop a solid knowledge on the functioning of ecosystems facing disturbance. For achieving this knowledge, we need to conduct theory-based restoration experiments in order to assess the variability, predictability and reliability of functioning from restored ecosystems. In this context, this PhD thesis is based on three experiments testing how plant diversity and functional traits would influence the functioning of restored ecosystems. The objectives are to investigate (i) the plant species and traits that are most efficient for retaining nutrients in the soil, thus reducing nutrient leaching losses and its consequent impact on aquatic systems; (ii) the effects of plant species richness and phylogenetic diversity on restoration success (measured as biomass production and plant survival) in a recently restored riparian forest; and (iii) the influence of an invasive alien plant species on soil and soil water nutrients in communities with different levels of functional diversity. The experiments conducted during this thesis are in accordance with recent studies that investigate how different measures of biodiversity and sources of stress could affect ecosystem functioning. The main results of this thesis reveal that (i) only one species (Mimosa tenuiflora) could influence water cleaning and soil nutrient content. Additionally, plant traits related to shoot dry matter content (SDMC) and root water content (RWC) are more important for controlling individual functions related to water and nutrient retention in the soil, while only traits related to biomass production affected ecosystem multifunctionality; (ii) the use of phylogenetically distant species can increase restoration success by positively affecting plant biomass production; and (iii) plant functional diversity partially promotes water cleaning and soil fertility in restored systems, nevertheless did not prevent invasion. In turn, invasive species disrupts the influence of plant diversity on soil nutrient dynamics by jeopardizing native plant biomass production thus, potentially, creating a positive feedback for further invasions. These results support future restoration projects focusing on invasive species control and ecosystem functions, indicating which species are most suitable for restoration to maximizing soil fertility and soil water quality. Finally, this thesis offers a contribution to the knowledge of plant-soil feedbacks.
author2	http://lattes.cnpq.br/3652618631630152
author_facet	http://lattes.cnpq.br/3652618631630152 Pinto, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira
format	doctoralThesis
author	Pinto, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira
author_sort	Pinto, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira
title	Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
title_short	Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
title_full	Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
title_fullStr	Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
title_full_unstemmed	Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
title_sort	restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants
publisher	Brasil
publishDate	2017
url	https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23964
work_keys_str_mv	AT pintoleonardohenriqueteixeira restorationofplantdiversityandecosystemfunctioningeffectsofspeciesrichnessphylogeneticdistancefunctionaldiversityandinvasiveplants
_version_	1773957642267394048
spelling	ri-123456789-239642022-03-31T20:04:16Z Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants Pinto, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira http://lattes.cnpq.br/3652618631630152 Fonseca, Carlos Roberto Sorensen Dutra da http://lattes.cnpq.br/2567786500828682 Kollmann, Johannes Attayde, José Luiz de http://lattes.cnpq.br/4121209629385349 Weisser, Wolfgang W. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning Functional diversity Invasive species Nutrient retention Phylogenetic diversity Plant traits Soil fertility Tropical dry forests CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA Biodiversity positively affects several ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which biodiversity affects ecosystems are still poorly understood and call for new experimental studies designed to identify its underlying components. Previous studies have suggested that more diverse plant communities can provide more ecosystem stability due to complementarity and redundancy effects. Plant species diversity can act on different levels of the ecosystem properties. A clear example is the effect of plant diversity on nutrient dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. Plant diversity can alter rates of soil nutrient accumulation and nutrient loading in aquatic systems. However, human impacts on natural ecosystems are leading to habitat and biodiversity loss. Such losses will ultimately jeopardize ecosystem functions and its associated services that are vital for human well-being. Therefore, the development of adequate restoration projects is paramount to mitigate anthropogenic impacts, while contributing to the conservation of biodiversity. Restoration projects offer the possibility to develop a solid knowledge on the functioning of ecosystems facing disturbance. For achieving this knowledge, we need to conduct theory-based restoration experiments in order to assess the variability, predictability and reliability of functioning from restored ecosystems. In this context, this PhD thesis is based on three experiments testing how plant diversity and functional traits would influence the functioning of restored ecosystems. The objectives are to investigate (i) the plant species and traits that are most efficient for retaining nutrients in the soil, thus reducing nutrient leaching losses and its consequent impact on aquatic systems; (ii) the effects of plant species richness and phylogenetic diversity on restoration success (measured as biomass production and plant survival) in a recently restored riparian forest; and (iii) the influence of an invasive alien plant species on soil and soil water nutrients in communities with different levels of functional diversity. The experiments conducted during this thesis are in accordance with recent studies that investigate how different measures of biodiversity and sources of stress could affect ecosystem functioning. The main results of this thesis reveal that (i) only one species (Mimosa tenuiflora) could influence water cleaning and soil nutrient content. Additionally, plant traits related to shoot dry matter content (SDMC) and root water content (RWC) are more important for controlling individual functions related to water and nutrient retention in the soil, while only traits related to biomass production affected ecosystem multifunctionality; (ii) the use of phylogenetically distant species can increase restoration success by positively affecting plant biomass production; and (iii) plant functional diversity partially promotes water cleaning and soil fertility in restored systems, nevertheless did not prevent invasion. In turn, invasive species disrupts the influence of plant diversity on soil nutrient dynamics by jeopardizing native plant biomass production thus, potentially, creating a positive feedback for further invasions. These results support future restoration projects focusing on invasive species control and ecosystem functions, indicating which species are most suitable for restoration to maximizing soil fertility and soil water quality. Finally, this thesis offers a contribution to the knowledge of plant-soil feedbacks. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A biodiversidade afeta positivamente diversas funções ecossistêmicas. No entanto, os mecanismos pelos quais a biodiversidade afeta os ecossistemas ainda são pouco compreendidos e requerem novos estudos experimentais destinados a identificar seus componentes. Estudos anteriores sugeriram que comunidades de plantas mais diversas podem proporcionar mais estabilidade aos ecossistemas, devido aos efeitos de complementaridade e redundância. A diversidade das espécies de plantas pode atuar em diferentes níveis das propriedades de um ecossistema. Um exemplo claro é o efeito da diversidade de plantas sobre a dinâmica de nutrientes nos ecossistemas terrestres. A diversidade de plants pode alterar as taxas de acúmulo de nutrientes no solo e, também, a carga de nutrientes para os sistemas aquáticos. No entanto, os impactos antrópicos nos ecossistemas têm causado a perda de habitats e, também, de biodiversidade. Tais perdas acabarão por comprometer as funções dos ecossistemas e seus serviços associados, que são vitais para o bem-estar humano. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de projetos de restauração é fundamental para mitigar os impactos antrópicos e para a conservação da biodiversidade. Projetos de restauração oferecem a possibilidade de desenvolver um conhecimento sólido sobre o funcionamento dos ecossistemas diante diferentes tipos de perturbações. Para alcançar esse conhecimento, precisamos realizar experimentos de restauração baseados no conhecimento científico para avaliar a variabilidade, a previsibilidade e a confiabilidade do funcionamento dos ecossistemas restaurados. Neste contexto, esta tese de doutorado é baseada em três experimentos que testaram como a diversidade de plantas e suas características funcionais poderiam influenciar o funcionamento dos ecossistemas restaurados. Os objetivos dessa tese foram: (i) investigar quais espécies de plantas e características funcionais são mais eficientes paraa retenção de nutrientes no solo, reduzindo assim as perdas por lixiviação e seu consequente impacto nos ecossistemas aquáticos; (ii) testar os efeitos da riqueza de espécies vegetais e da diversidade filogenética para o sucesso da restauração de uma floresta ripária recém restaurada (i.e. o sucesso foi medido como produção de biomassa e sobrevivência das plantas); e (iii) avaliar a influência de uma espécie de planta invasora sobre as dinâmicas de nutrientes no solo e na água do solo em comunidades de pastagem com diferentes níveis de diversidade funcional. Os experimentos realizados para esta tese estão de acordo com estudos recentes que investigam como diferentes medidas de biodiversidade e, também, diferentes fontes de estresse podem afetar o funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Os principais resultados desta tese revelam que (i) apenas uma espécie de planta (Mimosa tenuiflora) influenciou a limpeza da água e a retenção de nutrientes do solo. Além disso, traços funcionais relacionados ao conteúdo de matéria seca da parte aérea (SDMC) e ao teor de água da raiz (RWC) foram mais importantes para o controle de funções ecossistêmicas individuais relacionadas à retenção de água e nutrientes no solo. De outro modo, somente traços funcionais relacionados à produção de biomassa nas plantas afetaram a multifuncionalidade do ecossistema; (ii) o uso de espécies filogeneticamente distantes pode aumentar o sucesso da restauração afetando positivamente a produção de biomassa nas plantas; e (iii) a diversidade funcional das plantas promoveu, parcialmente, a limpeza da água e, também, a fertilidade do solo em pastagens restaurados, mas não impediu a invasão. Espécies invasoras, por sua vez, comprometem a influência da diversidade de plantas nativas na dinâmica de nutrientes no solo, uma vez que afetam negativamente a produção de biomassa das plantas nativas. Esse efeito tem o potencial para criar um feedback positivo para novas invasões. Tais resultados podem servir de suporte para o desenvolvimento de futuros projetos de restauração com ênfase no controle de espécies invasoras e na restauração do funcionamento dos ecossistemas, uma vez que pode indicar quais espécies são mais adequadas para maximizar a fertilidade do solo e, também, a qualidade da água do solo. Por fim, esta tese oferece uma contribuição para o aprofundarmos o entendimento a respeito dos feedbacks entre plantas e solos. 2017-09-22T19:20:30Z 2017-09-22T19:20:30Z 2017-05-24 doctoralThesis PINTO, Leonardo Henrique Teixeira. Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants. 2017. 217f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia) - Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23964 por Acesso Aberto application/pdf Brasil UFRN PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA

Restoration of plant diversity and ecosystem functioning: effects of species richness, phylogenetic distance, functional diversity and invasive plants

Registros relacionados