Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo

Environmental concerns and the demand for renewable sources of energy have driven the search for alternatives that may replace, at least partially, the use of fossil fuels. Among the viable options is the biodiesel, which has been produced on a large scale. However, with the increased use of biodies...

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Autor principal: Soares, Igor Andrey Aires
Altres autors: Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro
Format: doctoralThesis
Idioma:por
Publicat: Brasil
Matèries:
Biodiesel
Glicerina
Microemulsão
Nanoemulsão
Umidade no solo
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA::PETROLEO E PETROQUIMICA
Accés en línia:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23659
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id ri-123456789-23659
record_format dspace
institution Repositório Institucional
collection RI - UFRN
language por
topic Biodiesel
Glicerina
Microemulsão
Nanoemulsão
Umidade no solo
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA::PETROLEO E PETROQUIMICA
spellingShingle Biodiesel
Glicerina
Microemulsão
Nanoemulsão
Umidade no solo
CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA::PETROLEO E PETROQUIMICA
Soares, Igor Andrey Aires
Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
description Environmental concerns and the demand for renewable sources of energy have driven the search for alternatives that may replace, at least partially, the use of fossil fuels. Among the viable options is the biodiesel, which has been produced on a large scale. However, with the increased use of biodiesel, scientists face a new challenge: finding alternatives to the use of Glycerin generated in the process. In light of this challenge, it is imperative to find new applications for this co-product. Water is another natural resource which availability that is becoming increasingly limited. Its proper use requires efficient strategies to avoid waste. Irrigation activities consume large amounts of water and it is responsible for a great percentage of its waste. Strategies related to water conservation in irrigation processes are imperative. This high consumption activity problem imposes the search for more efficient processes. In this context, this research proposes an increase in irrigation efficiency by using microemulsioned and nanoemulsioned systems. It also assesses the feasibility of using the abovementioned systems to retain moisture in the soil. The experiments were carried out in three stages. In step I, nanoemulsions were obtained from two microemulsioned systems. The first system (A) was composed of UNTL-90, coconut oil, and Glycerin + water 1:1. The second one (B) was composed of UNTL-90, pine oil, and Glycerin + water 1:1. For each system, a microemulsion point containing surfactant (15%), oil phase (2%), and polar phase (83%) was chosen. From these points, nine dilutions of each system were made to characterize and observe the application, always comparing the results against the original behaviors with water and microemulsions. The characterization of systems A and B obtained was performed through the following studies: visual aspect, droplet diameter, rheology, pH, and surface tension. In stage II, the moisture retention in the soil was checked using a traditional method, comparing the mass difference between dry soil, moist soil, and soil after drying in an oven. Soil samples were subjected to the application of micro and nanoemulsions, and dried in an oven at 50° C with evaluations after 24, 48, 72, 144 and 240 hours of drying. The assessment at 105° C was performed after 24 and 48 hours. At last, the evaluation of the soil dried in pots at room temperature had their moisture retention evaluated 5 and 8 days after application. Step III assessed system interference in the early plant development. At this stage, evaluations were performed on pre and post-emergence. Considering post-emergence when micro and nanoemulsions were applied only 10 days after the emergence of plants. The type of vegetable oil used influenced the characteristics of nanoemulsions obtained. For both systems, the droplet diameter varied based on the concentration of surfactant, with values between 14 and 31.8 nm to nanoemulsions A, and between 14.9 and 127.8 to nanoemulsions B. Nanoemulsions B are more viscous and exhibit a behavior closer to a Newtonian fluid when compared to the nanoemulsions A. As for pH, nanoemulsion A introduced values between 5.4 and 5.8 and nanoemulsions B had values between 3.8 and 4.5. The surface tension of the nanoemulsioned systems increased as a function of the concentration of the surfactant, with values between 41.6 and 47.7 dynam/cm for nanoemulsions A, and between 32 and 51.2 dynam/cm for nanoemulsions B. Nanoemulsioned let to soil moisture retention at all times and temperature conditions studied. The amount of moisture retained increased based on constituent concentration, with higher values (above 90%) for the original microemulsion, The germination of seeds was affected at 100% by nanoemulsions. However, nanoemulsions with lower concentrations of surfactant did not cause damage to the plants, being a viable alternative to promote moisture retention in the soil.
author2 Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro
author_facet Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro
Soares, Igor Andrey Aires
format doctoralThesis
author Soares, Igor Andrey Aires
author_sort Soares, Igor Andrey Aires
title Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
title_short Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
title_full Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
title_fullStr Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
title_full_unstemmed Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
title_sort estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo
publisher Brasil
publishDate 2017
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23659
work_keys_str_mv AT soaresigorandreyaires estudodesistemasmicroemulsionadosenanoemulsionadoscontendoglicerinacomoretentoresdeumidadenosolo
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spelling ri-123456789-236592019-01-30T05:31:21Z Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo Soares, Igor Andrey Aires Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro http://lattes.cnpq.br/2747711616660127 http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676872399141537 Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino http://lattes.cnpq.br/2174051551046465 Morais, Elis Regina Costa de http://lattes.cnpq.br/1621529280559168 Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar http://lattes.cnpq.br/3613318563806519 Santanna, Vanessa Cristina http://lattes.cnpq.br/9445575768909084 Biodiesel Glicerina Microemulsão Nanoemulsão Umidade no solo CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA::PETROLEO E PETROQUIMICA Environmental concerns and the demand for renewable sources of energy have driven the search for alternatives that may replace, at least partially, the use of fossil fuels. Among the viable options is the biodiesel, which has been produced on a large scale. However, with the increased use of biodiesel, scientists face a new challenge: finding alternatives to the use of Glycerin generated in the process. In light of this challenge, it is imperative to find new applications for this co-product. Water is another natural resource which availability that is becoming increasingly limited. Its proper use requires efficient strategies to avoid waste. Irrigation activities consume large amounts of water and it is responsible for a great percentage of its waste. Strategies related to water conservation in irrigation processes are imperative. This high consumption activity problem imposes the search for more efficient processes. In this context, this research proposes an increase in irrigation efficiency by using microemulsioned and nanoemulsioned systems. It also assesses the feasibility of using the abovementioned systems to retain moisture in the soil. The experiments were carried out in three stages. In step I, nanoemulsions were obtained from two microemulsioned systems. The first system (A) was composed of UNTL-90, coconut oil, and Glycerin + water 1:1. The second one (B) was composed of UNTL-90, pine oil, and Glycerin + water 1:1. For each system, a microemulsion point containing surfactant (15%), oil phase (2%), and polar phase (83%) was chosen. From these points, nine dilutions of each system were made to characterize and observe the application, always comparing the results against the original behaviors with water and microemulsions. The characterization of systems A and B obtained was performed through the following studies: visual aspect, droplet diameter, rheology, pH, and surface tension. In stage II, the moisture retention in the soil was checked using a traditional method, comparing the mass difference between dry soil, moist soil, and soil after drying in an oven. Soil samples were subjected to the application of micro and nanoemulsions, and dried in an oven at 50° C with evaluations after 24, 48, 72, 144 and 240 hours of drying. The assessment at 105° C was performed after 24 and 48 hours. At last, the evaluation of the soil dried in pots at room temperature had their moisture retention evaluated 5 and 8 days after application. Step III assessed system interference in the early plant development. At this stage, evaluations were performed on pre and post-emergence. Considering post-emergence when micro and nanoemulsions were applied only 10 days after the emergence of plants. The type of vegetable oil used influenced the characteristics of nanoemulsions obtained. For both systems, the droplet diameter varied based on the concentration of surfactant, with values between 14 and 31.8 nm to nanoemulsions A, and between 14.9 and 127.8 to nanoemulsions B. Nanoemulsions B are more viscous and exhibit a behavior closer to a Newtonian fluid when compared to the nanoemulsions A. As for pH, nanoemulsion A introduced values between 5.4 and 5.8 and nanoemulsions B had values between 3.8 and 4.5. The surface tension of the nanoemulsioned systems increased as a function of the concentration of the surfactant, with values between 41.6 and 47.7 dynam/cm for nanoemulsions A, and between 32 and 51.2 dynam/cm for nanoemulsions B. Nanoemulsioned let to soil moisture retention at all times and temperature conditions studied. The amount of moisture retained increased based on constituent concentration, with higher values (above 90%) for the original microemulsion, The germination of seeds was affected at 100% by nanoemulsions. However, nanoemulsions with lower concentrations of surfactant did not cause damage to the plants, being a viable alternative to promote moisture retention in the soil. A preocupação com o meio ambiente e a busca por fontes renováveis de energias têm impulsionado a busca por alternativas que possam substituir, ao menos parcialmente, os combustíveis fósseis. Dentre as opções ambientalmente viáveis está o biodiesel, que vem sendo produzido em larga escala. Porém, um fator preocupante frente ao crescimento da produção desse combustível é o destino da glicerina gerada no processo, o que torna imperiosa a busca por novas aplicações para este coproduto. Além das fontes de energia, outro recurso natural cada vez mais limitado é a água. A sua utilização requer cada vez mais racionalidade, principalmente na irrigação, atividade que demanda a maior vazão e onde ocorrem perdas consideráveis, sendo necessárias pesquisas para a maximização da eficiência de sua utilização para este fim. Nesse contexto, um incremento na eficiência da irrigação pode se dar através do uso de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo usar a glicerina na obtenção de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados e avaliar a viabilidade de uso destes na retenção de umidade no solo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três etapas. Na etapa I, nanoemulsões foram obtidas a partir de dois sistemas microemulsionados: sistema A, composto por UNTL-90, óleo de coco e glicerina + água 1:1, e sistema B, composto por UNTL-90, óleo de pinho e glicerina + água 1:1. Para cada sistema, escolheu-se um ponto de microemulsão contendo 15% de tensoativo, 2% fase óleo e 83% de fase polar. Destes pontos foram realizadas nove diluições de cada sistema para caracterização e aplicação, sempre comparando os comportamentos com a água e a microemulsão de origem. A caracterização dos sistemas A e B foi realizada através dos seguintes estudos: aspecto visual, diâmetro de gotículas, reologia, pH e tensão superficial. Na etapa II, a retenção de umidade no solo foi verificada pelo método tradicional, através da diferença de massas entre o solo seco, o solo úmido e após a secagem em estufa. Amostras de solo foram submetidas à aplicação de microemulsão e nanoemulsão e secas em estufa a: 50°C com avaliações após 24, 48, 72, 144 e 240 horas de secagem; 105°C, avaliados após 24 e 48 horas; e em vasos, que ficaram expostos à temperatura ambiente e tiveram a retenção de umidade avaliada aos 5 e 8 dias após a aplicação. Na etapa III foi verificada a interferência dos sistemas no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas, cujas avaliações foram realizadas na pré-emergência e na pós-emergência, onde as microemulsões e nanoemulsões só foram aplicadas 10 dias após a emergência das plantas. O tipo de óleo vegetal utilizado influenciou nas características das nanoemulsões obtidas. Para ambos os sistemas, o diâmetro de gotículas variou em função da concentração de tensoativo, com valores entre 14 e 31,8 nm para nanoemulsões A e entre 14,9 e 127,8 para nanoemulsões B. As nanoemulsões B são mais viscosas e apresentam comportamento mais próximo de um fluido Newtoniano quando comparadas às nanoemulsões A. Quanto ao pH, a nanoemulsão A apresenta valores entre 5,4 e 5,8 e nanoemulsões B entre 3,8 e 4,5. A tensão superficial dos sistemas nanoemulsionados aumentou em função da concentração do tensoativo, com valores entre 41,6 e 47,7 dynas/cm para nanoemulsões A e entre 32 e 51,2 dynas/cm para as nanoemulsões B. Para todas as condições de tempo e temperatura estudadas, as nanoemulsões propocionaram a retenção de umidade no solo, e esta aumenta em função da concentração dos constituintes, com maiores valores para a microemulsão de origem, com porcentagem de retenção acima de 90%. A germinação de sementes foi 100% afetada pelas nanoemulsões. Observou-se que as nanoemulsões com menores concentrações de tensoativo não causaram danos às plantas, sendo estas uma alternativa viável para a retenção de umidade no solo. 2017-07-19T12:11:05Z 2017-07-19T12:11:05Z 2016-11-29 doctoralThesis SOARES, Igor Andrey Aires. Estudo de sistemas microemulsionados e nanoemulsionados contendo glicerina como retentores de umidade no solo. 2016. 149f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência e Engenharia de Petróleo) - Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23659 por Acesso Aberto application/pdf Brasil UFRN PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIA E ENGENHARIA DE PETRÓLEO

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