Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions

Normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity leading to rhythmic and episodic release of adrenal glucocorticoids is essential for body homeostasis and survival during stress. Acting through specific intracellular receptors in the brain and periphery, glucocorticoids regulate behavior, m...

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Principais autores: Uchoa, Ernane Torres, Aguilera, Greti, Herman, James P., Fiedler, Jenny L., Deak, Terrence, Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de
Formato: article
Idioma:eng
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Assuntos:
CRH
ACTH
glucocorticoids
cortisol/corticosterone
Endereço do item:https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23268
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spelling ri-123456789-232682022-10-18T22:00:03Z Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions Uchoa, Ernane Torres Aguilera, Greti Herman, James P. Fiedler, Jenny L. Deak, Terrence Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de CRH ACTH glucocorticoids cortisol/corticosterone Normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity leading to rhythmic and episodic release of adrenal glucocorticoids is essential for body homeostasis and survival during stress. Acting through specific intracellular receptors in the brain and periphery, glucocorticoids regulate behavior, metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and neuroendocrine activities. In contrast to chronic elevated levels, circadian and acute stress-induced increases in glucocorticoids are necessary for hippocampal neuronal survival and memory acquisition and consolidation, through inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating glutamate transmission and inducing immediate early genes and spine formation. In addition to its metabolic actions leading to increasing energy availability, glucocorticoids have profound effects on feeding behavior, mainly through modulation of orexigenic and anorixegenic neuropeptides. Evidence is also emerging that in addition to the recognized immune suppressive actions of glucocorticoids by counteracting adrenergic proinflammatory actions, circadian elevations have priming effects in the immune system, potentiating acute defensive responses. In addition, negative feedback by glucocorticoids involves multiple mechanisms leading to limiting HPA axis activation and preventing deleterious effects of excessive glucocorticoid production. Adequate glucocorticoid secretion to meet body demands is tightly regulated by a complex neural circuitry controlling hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin secretion, the main regulators of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Rapid feedback mechanisms, likely involving non-genomic actions of glucocorticoids, mediate immediate inhibition of hypothalamic CRH and ACTH secretion, while intermediate and delayed mechanisms mediated by genomic actions involve modulation of limbic circuitry and peripheral metabolic messengers. Consistent with their key adaptive roles, HPA axis components are evolutionarily conserved, being present in the earliest vertebrates. Understanding these basic mechanisms may lead to novel approaches for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for disorders related to stress and alterations of glucocorticoid secretion. 2017-05-31T12:49:47Z 2017-05-31T12:49:47Z 2014-09 article https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23268 10.1111/jne.12157 eng Acesso Aberto
institution Repositório Institucional
collection RI - UFRN
language eng
topic CRH
ACTH
glucocorticoids
cortisol/corticosterone
spellingShingle CRH
ACTH
glucocorticoids
cortisol/corticosterone
Uchoa, Ernane Torres
Aguilera, Greti
Herman, James P.
Fiedler, Jenny L.
Deak, Terrence
Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de
Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
description Normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity leading to rhythmic and episodic release of adrenal glucocorticoids is essential for body homeostasis and survival during stress. Acting through specific intracellular receptors in the brain and periphery, glucocorticoids regulate behavior, metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and neuroendocrine activities. In contrast to chronic elevated levels, circadian and acute stress-induced increases in glucocorticoids are necessary for hippocampal neuronal survival and memory acquisition and consolidation, through inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating glutamate transmission and inducing immediate early genes and spine formation. In addition to its metabolic actions leading to increasing energy availability, glucocorticoids have profound effects on feeding behavior, mainly through modulation of orexigenic and anorixegenic neuropeptides. Evidence is also emerging that in addition to the recognized immune suppressive actions of glucocorticoids by counteracting adrenergic proinflammatory actions, circadian elevations have priming effects in the immune system, potentiating acute defensive responses. In addition, negative feedback by glucocorticoids involves multiple mechanisms leading to limiting HPA axis activation and preventing deleterious effects of excessive glucocorticoid production. Adequate glucocorticoid secretion to meet body demands is tightly regulated by a complex neural circuitry controlling hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin secretion, the main regulators of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Rapid feedback mechanisms, likely involving non-genomic actions of glucocorticoids, mediate immediate inhibition of hypothalamic CRH and ACTH secretion, while intermediate and delayed mechanisms mediated by genomic actions involve modulation of limbic circuitry and peripheral metabolic messengers. Consistent with their key adaptive roles, HPA axis components are evolutionarily conserved, being present in the earliest vertebrates. Understanding these basic mechanisms may lead to novel approaches for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for disorders related to stress and alterations of glucocorticoid secretion.
format article
author Uchoa, Ernane Torres
Aguilera, Greti
Herman, James P.
Fiedler, Jenny L.
Deak, Terrence
Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de
author_facet Uchoa, Ernane Torres
Aguilera, Greti
Herman, James P.
Fiedler, Jenny L.
Deak, Terrence
Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de
author_sort Uchoa, Ernane Torres
title Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
title_short Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
title_full Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
title_fullStr Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
title_full_unstemmed Novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
title_sort novel aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and glucocorticoid actions
publishDate 2017
url https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23268
work_keys_str_mv AT uchoaernanetorres novelaspectsofhypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisregulationandglucocorticoidactions
AT aguileragreti novelaspectsofhypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisregulationandglucocorticoidactions
AT hermanjamesp novelaspectsofhypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisregulationandglucocorticoidactions
AT fiedlerjennyl novelaspectsofhypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisregulationandglucocorticoidactions
AT deakterrence novelaspectsofhypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisregulationandglucocorticoidactions
AT sousamariabernardetecordeirode novelaspectsofhypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxisregulationandglucocorticoidactions
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