Evolutionary history of exon shuffling
Exon shuffling has been characterized as one of the major evolutionary forces shaping both the genome and the proteome of eukaryotes. This mechanism was particularly important in the creation of multidomain proteins during animal evolution, bringing a number of functional genetic novelties. Her...
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Principais autores: | , , |
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Formato: | article |
Idioma: | eng |
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Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23253 |
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Resumo: | Exon shuffling has been characterized as one of
the major evolutionary forces shaping both the genome and
the proteome of eukaryotes. This mechanism was particularly
important in the creation of multidomain proteins
during animal evolution, bringing a number of functional
genetic novelties. Here, genome information from a variety
of eukaryotic species was used to address several issues
related to the evolutionary history of exon shuffling. By
comparing all protein sequences within each species, we
were able to characterize exon shuffling signatures
throughout metazoans. Intron phase (the position of the
intron regarding the codon) and exon symmetry (the pattern
of flanking introns for a given exon or block of adjacent
exons) were features used to evaluate exon shuffling.
We confirmed previous observations that exon shuffling
mediated by phase 1 introns (1-1 exon shuffling) is the
predominant kind in multicellular animals. Evidence is
provided that such pattern was achieved since the early
steps of animal evolution, supported by a detectable
presence of 1-1 shuffling units in Trichoplax adhaerens and
a considerable prevalence of them in Nematostella vectensis.
In contrast, Monosiga brevicollis, one of the closest
relatives of metazoans, and Arabidopsis thaliana, showed
no evidence of 1-1 exon or domain shuffling above what it
would be expected by chance. Instead, exon shuffling
events are less abundant and predominantly mediated by
phase 0 introns (0-0 exon shuffling) in those non-metazoan
species. Moreover, an intermediate pattern of 1-1 and 0-0
exon shuffling was observed for the placozoan T. adhaerens,
a primitive animal. Finally, characterization of
flanking intron phases around domain borders allowed us to
identify a common set of symmetric 1-1 domains that have
been shuffled throughout the metazoan lineage. |
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