Avaliação socioeconômica e ambiental da atividade petrolífera na região do Campo Canto do Amaro, RN, Brasil
The Basin Apodi-Mossoró River - BHRAM, located in the Western Region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN, where its low course includes a considerable human intervention, related to oil and gas, sand mining, limestone exploration, sea salt industry, trade and services, urbanization, vehicle tra...
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| Formato: | doctoralThesis |
| Idioma: | por |
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Brasil
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22239 |
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| Resumo: | The Basin Apodi-Mossoró River - BHRAM, located in the Western Region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN, where its low course includes a considerable human intervention, related to oil and gas, sand mining, limestone exploration, sea salt industry, trade and services, urbanization, vehicle traffic, cargo transportation, construction, tourism, irrigated fruit, shrimp farming, fishing, livestock and wind power generation. From this anthropic pressure this thesis aimed to compare the socio-economic and environmental indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of this basin, as well as assessing the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the Canto do Amaro Oil Field area - CPCA / RN. The following methodological procedures were adopted: radar chart application to measure the socioeconomic and environmental indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of BHRAM / RN; environmental perception of socioeconomic and environmental conditions of rural communities in the area of the CPCA / RN; monitoring of heavy metal content in several environments in the area; evaluation of the water supply for human consumption in the investigated region; identification of environmental impacts in the CPCA / RN through the Pressure-State-Impact-Response system and; proposition of environmental management actions to mitigate the researched problematic. It was found that there is a concentration of the best rates in the economic dimension in the lower course of the basin, while the environmental dimension is in an intermediate situation, with the social dimension still shows lower values. It was demonstrated that the local population in the area of CPCA / RN has socio-economic constraints and lives in rural communities with deficiencies in environmental sanitation components. It was determined that the settings related to the oil industry displayed the higher average levels of heavy metals: Cu, Cr, Fe (in active wells), Ni (active wells), and Pb (solid wastes). Meanwhile, three other types of land uses showed higher values of heavy metals: Cd (natural areas), Mn (Carmo River) and Zn (Shrimp farms); however, these levels are relatively low when compared to those soils with vehicle traffic interference, with petrochemical activity and to the quality benchmarks. It has been found weaknesses in the water supply for human consumption in the aspects of water quantity and water quality with values below the allowed by the legislation for Dissolved Oxygen and with content of oil and greases. It was observed that the CPCA / RN provides an opportunity to generate employment, income, royalties, energy, fuel and projection of the region on the national scene. However, this chain represents great risks and socioenvironmental vulnerabilities through the following aspects and impacts: generation of atmospheric emissions, generation of semi-solid waste (mud and gravel), solid waste generation, the generation of wastewater, noise generation, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, air pollution, visual pollution, vegetation removal, erosion, interference with local flora, interference with local fauna, changing the stability of ecosystems, changes in land use dynamics, risks to workers' health, pressure on local communities, interference in traditional activities and pressure on public services infrastructure. The area of the CPCA / RN has socioeconomic and environmental implications that affect the maintainance of the quality of the lower course of BHRAM / RN, being required environmental management guidelines to mitigate the problem. |
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