Petrologia das fraturas associadas a feições típicas de dissolução hipogênica na Formação Salitre, Bacia de Irecê, Bahia, Brasil
The recognition of karst reservoirs in carbonate rocks has become increasingly common. However, most karst features are small to be recognized in seismic sections or larger than expected to be investigated with borehole data. One way forward has been the study of analogue outcrops and caves. The...
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Formato: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/20181 |
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Resumo: | The recognition of karst reservoirs in carbonate rocks has become
increasingly common. However, most karst features are small to be
recognized in seismic sections or larger than expected to be investigated with
borehole data. One way forward has been the study of analogue outcrops and
caves. The present study investigates lithofacies and karst processes, which
lead to the generation of the largest system of caves in South America. The
study area is located in the Neoproterozoic Una Group in central-eastern
Brazil. This province comprises several systems of carbonate caves (Karmann
and Sanchéz, 1979), which include the Toca da Boa Vista and Barriguda
caves, considered the largest caves in South America (Auler and Smart,
2003). These caves were formed mainly in dolomites of the Salitre Formation,
which was deposited in a shallow marine environment in an epicontinental sea
(Medeiros and Pereira, 1994). The Salitre Formation in the cave area
comprises laminated mud/wakestones, intraclastic grainstones, oncolitic
grainstones, oolitic grainstones, microbial laminites, colunar stromatolites,
trombolites and fine siliciclastic rocks (marls, shales, and siltites). A thin layer
and chert nodules also occur at the top of the carbonate unit. Phosphate
deposits are also found. Our preliminary data indicate that folds and
associated joints control the main karstification event at the end of the
Brasiliano orogeny (740-540 Ma). We recognized five lithofacies in the cave
system: (1) Bottom layers of grainstone with cross bedding comprise the main
unit affected by speleogenesis, (2) thin grainstone layers with thin siltite layers,
(3) microbial laminites layers, (4) layers of columnar stromatolites, and a (5)
top layer of siltite. Levels (1) to (3) are affected by intense fracturing, whereas
levels (4) and (5) seal the caves and have little fracturing. Chert, calcite and
gipsite veins cut across the carbonate units and play a major role in
diagenesis. Our preliminary study indicate that hypogenic spelogenesis is the
main process of karst development and contributed significantly to the
generation of secondary porosity and permeability in the carbonate units. |
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