Efeitos de fungicidas alternativos em folhas de Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae), potencial espécie para cultivo em agricultura familiar
The currently main development model on global society is driven by an economic rationality that endangers the environment and social justice. More and more, attention to this way of production and consumption is increasing, boosting research for sustainable development, with an environmental rat...
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| Formato: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Endereço do item: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19854 |
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| Resumo: | The currently main development model on global society is driven by an economic
rationality that endangers the environment and social justice. More and more, attention to this
way of production and consumption is increasing, boosting research for sustainable
development, with an environmental rationality that can harmonize nature preservation and
welfare of all socioeconomic classes. One of the efforts on this sense is changing the sources
supplying the energy demand, replacing fossil fuels for renewable and cleaner sources, such as
biofuels. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is an oilseed crop with potential for biodiesel
production, with good oil yield and chemical profile, allied to good adaptation to climates such
like the northeastern semiarid lands of Brazil. With public policies fomentation, the use of this
species may be an interesting alternative for family farming. In farming in general, the use of
pesticides to prevent and combat diseases and plagues is common, which is not a sustainable
practice. Thus, there are researched alternative, less dangerous substances. In this study, it was
aimed to assess if neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (20% m/v) and Bordeaux mixture
(copper sulfate) have effects on safflower. It was also aimed to verify acceptance of farmers on
safflower crop in Apodi, a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, in view of it being
localized in the aimed region for this crop cultivation. Besides that, understanding that the
farmers’ knowledge and inclination to adopt the crop is fundamental for the introduction of this
species and socioeconomic growth due to its exploration. In addition, a booklet with basic
information on safflower was produced. In the field experiment, the fungicides were pulverized
on plants cultivated in field experimental plots, with collection of leaf samples for analysis on
anatomy, cuticle, and epicuticular wax morphology, the protective layer that interfaces with the
surrounding ambient. In Apodi, forty-five farmers from Potiguar Cooperative of Apiculture and
Sustainable Rural Development (COOPAPI) underwent semi-structured interviews, which also
addressed their assessment on currently cultivated crops and perception of pesticide uses and
sustainable alternatives. After comparing using analysis of variance, it was found that there was
no difference between treatments in the experiment, as well as no anatomical or morphological
modifications. Safflower acceptation among farmers was wide, with 84% of interviewees
believing in a perspective of good incomes. The current scenario, comprised of low crop
diversity, fragile in face of droughts and plagues, can partially explain this opinion. The booklet
was effective in catching people attention for the species potential. There was wide
acknowledgement on the importance of alternative pesticides, justified by health security.
Based on the assessed parameter in the results of this research, the treatments here utilized may
be recommended as fungicides for safflower. Given the crop susceptibility to fungi in heavy
rainy period, it is advised that its potential introduction on the region shall be focused on
semiarid areas. |
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