Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados
With the increasing environmental awareness, maximizing biodegradability and minimizing ecotoxicity is the main driving force for new technological developments. Thus, can be developed new biodegradable lubricants for use in environmentally sensitive areas. The aim of this study was to obtain new...
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Biolubrificantes Epoxidação in situ Lubrificação limítrofe Óleo de maracujá Óleo de moringa CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA |
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Biolubrificantes Epoxidação in situ Lubrificação limítrofe Óleo de maracujá Óleo de moringa CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA Silva, Maria Susana Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
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With the increasing environmental awareness, maximizing biodegradability
and minimizing ecotoxicity is the main driving force for new technological developments.
Thus, can be developed new biodegradable lubricants for use in environmentally sensitive
areas. The aim of this study was to obtain new bio-lubricants from passion fruit (Passiflora
edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) and moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamarck) epoxidized oils
and develop a new additive package using experimental design for their use as a hydraulic
fluid. In the first stage of this work was performed the optimization of the epoxidation process
of the oils using fractional experimental design 24-1
, varying the temperature, reaction time,
ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. In the second step was investigated the
selectivity, thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction for obtaining the two epoxides at 30,
50 and 70 °C. The result of the experimental design confirmed that the epoxidation of passion
fruit oil requires 2 hours of reaction, 50 °C and a ratio H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1). For
moringa oil were required 2 hours reaction, 50 °C and a ratio of H2O2/C=C/HCOOH
(1:1:1.5). The results of the final conversions were equal to 83.09% (± 0.3) for passion fruit
oil epoxide and 91.02 (±0,4) for moringa oil epoxide. Following was made the 23
factorial
design to evaluate which are the best concentrations of corrosion inhibitor and anti-wear (IC),
antioxidant (BHA) and extreme pressure (EP) additives. The bio-lubricants obtained in this
step were characterized according to DIN 51524 (Part 2 HLP) and DIN 51517 (Part 3 CLP)
standards. The epoxidation process of the oils was able to improve the oxidative stability and
reduce the total acid number, when compared to the in natura oils. Moreover, the epoxidized
oils best solubilized additives, resulting in increased performance as a lubricant. In terms of
physicochemical performance, the best lubricant fluid was the epoxidized moringa oil with
additives (EMO-ADI), followed by the epoxidized passion fruit oil with additives (EPF-ADI)
and, finally, the passion fruit in natura oil without additives (PFO). Lastly, was made the
investigation of the tribological behavior under conditions of boundary lubrication for these
lubricants. The tribological performance of the developed lubricants was analyzed on a HFRR
equipment (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) and the coefficient of friction, which occurs
during the contact and the formation of the lubricating film, was measured. The wear was
evaluated through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results
showed that the addition of extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear and corrosion inhibitor (CI)
additives significantly improve the tribological properties of the fluids. In all assays, was
formed a lubricating film that is responsible for reducing the coefficient of metal-to-metal
wear. It was observed that the addition of EP and IC additives in the in natura vegetable oils
of passion fruit and moringa did not favor a significant reduction in wear. The bio-lubricants
developed from passion fruit and moringa oils modified via epoxidation presented satisfactory
tribological properties and shown to be potential lubricants for replacement of commercial
mineral-based fluids. |
| author2 |
Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino |
| author_facet |
Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino Silva, Maria Susana |
| format |
doctoralThesis |
| author |
Silva, Maria Susana |
| author_sort |
Silva, Maria Susana |
| title |
Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
| title_short |
Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
| title_full |
Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
| title_fullStr |
Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
| title_sort |
desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados |
| publisher |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19767 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT silvamariasusana desenvolvimentodenovosbiolubrificanteshidraulicosderivadosdosoleosdemaracujaedemoringainnaturaeepoxidados AT silvamariasusana developmentofnewhydraulicbiolubricantsderivedfrompassionfruitandmoringaoilsinnaturaandepoxidized |
| _version_ |
1773959376736878592 |
| spelling |
ri-123456789-197672020-02-18T12:56:45Z Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados Development of new hydraulic biolubricants derived from passion fruit and moringa oils in natura and epoxidized Silva, Maria Susana Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino http://lattes.cnpq.br/5536566548540040 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2174051551046465 Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676872399141537 Moura, Everlane Ferreira http://lattes.cnpq.br/5157139686256561 Silva, Gabriel Francisco da http://lattes.cnpq.br/0673627615524075 Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar http://lattes.cnpq.br/3613318563806519 Alves, Salete Martins http://lattes.cnpq.br/8550161853747323 Biolubrificantes Epoxidação in situ Lubrificação limítrofe Óleo de maracujá Óleo de moringa CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA With the increasing environmental awareness, maximizing biodegradability and minimizing ecotoxicity is the main driving force for new technological developments. Thus, can be developed new biodegradable lubricants for use in environmentally sensitive areas. The aim of this study was to obtain new bio-lubricants from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) and moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamarck) epoxidized oils and develop a new additive package using experimental design for their use as a hydraulic fluid. In the first stage of this work was performed the optimization of the epoxidation process of the oils using fractional experimental design 24-1 , varying the temperature, reaction time, ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. In the second step was investigated the selectivity, thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction for obtaining the two epoxides at 30, 50 and 70 °C. The result of the experimental design confirmed that the epoxidation of passion fruit oil requires 2 hours of reaction, 50 °C and a ratio H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1). For moringa oil were required 2 hours reaction, 50 °C and a ratio of H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1.5). The results of the final conversions were equal to 83.09% (± 0.3) for passion fruit oil epoxide and 91.02 (±0,4) for moringa oil epoxide. Following was made the 23 factorial design to evaluate which are the best concentrations of corrosion inhibitor and anti-wear (IC), antioxidant (BHA) and extreme pressure (EP) additives. The bio-lubricants obtained in this step were characterized according to DIN 51524 (Part 2 HLP) and DIN 51517 (Part 3 CLP) standards. The epoxidation process of the oils was able to improve the oxidative stability and reduce the total acid number, when compared to the in natura oils. Moreover, the epoxidized oils best solubilized additives, resulting in increased performance as a lubricant. In terms of physicochemical performance, the best lubricant fluid was the epoxidized moringa oil with additives (EMO-ADI), followed by the epoxidized passion fruit oil with additives (EPF-ADI) and, finally, the passion fruit in natura oil without additives (PFO). Lastly, was made the investigation of the tribological behavior under conditions of boundary lubrication for these lubricants. The tribological performance of the developed lubricants was analyzed on a HFRR equipment (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) and the coefficient of friction, which occurs during the contact and the formation of the lubricating film, was measured. The wear was evaluated through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear and corrosion inhibitor (CI) additives significantly improve the tribological properties of the fluids. In all assays, was formed a lubricating film that is responsible for reducing the coefficient of metal-to-metal wear. It was observed that the addition of EP and IC additives in the in natura vegetable oils of passion fruit and moringa did not favor a significant reduction in wear. The bio-lubricants developed from passion fruit and moringa oils modified via epoxidation presented satisfactory tribological properties and shown to be potential lubricants for replacement of commercial mineral-based fluids. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq O aumento da consciência ambiental, maximizando a biodegradabilidade e minimizando a ecotoxicidade, é a força motriz principal para os novos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos. Deste modo, os lubrificantes biodegradáveis utilizados em áreas ambientalmente sensíveis podem ser mais explorados. O objetivo desse trabalho foi obter novos biolubrificantes a base de óleo de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) e de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamarck), in natura e epoxidados e otimizar o uso de um novo pacote de aditivos atraves da metodologia de planejamento experimental para sua utilização como fluido hidráulico. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foi realizada a otimização do processo de epoxidação dos óleos utilizando o planejamento experimental fracionado 24-1 , variando a temperatura, tempo de reação, razão molar de ácido fórmico e a razão molar de peróxido de hidrogênio. Em seguida, foi investigada a seletividade, termodinâmica e a cinética da obtenção dos dois epóxidos a 30, 50 e 70 °C. Os resultados dessa primeira etapa confirmaram que para a epoxidação do óleo de maracujá são necessárias 3 horas de reação, 30 °C e uma razão H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1) e para o óleo de moringa foram necessárias 3 horas de reação, 30 °C e uma razão de H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1,5). Os resultados das conversões finais foram iguais a 83,09% (±0,3) para o epóxido de óleo de maracujá e 91,02% (±0,4) para o epóxido do óleo de moringa. Em seguida, foi feito o planejamento experimental fatorial 23 para avaliar quais as melhores concentrações do inibidor de corrosão e antidesgaste (IC), antioxidante (BHA) e extrema pressão (EP). Os biolubrificantes obtidos nessa etapa foram caracterizados segundo as normas DIN 51524 (Part 2 HLP) e DIN 51517 (Part 3 CLP). O processo de epoxidação dos óleos foi capaz de melhorar a estabilidade oxidativa e diminuir o índice de acidez total quando comparados aos óleos in natura. Em termos de desempenho físico-químico como lubrificantes, o melhor fluido foi o epóxido do óleo de moringa aditivado (EMO-ADI), seguido do epóxido do óleo maracujá aditivado (EMA-ADI) e, por último, o óleo de maracujá in natura sem aditivos (OMA). Para finalizar, foi feita a investigação de seus comportamentos tribológicos sob condições de lubrificação limítrofe. O desempenho tribológico dos lubrificantes desenvolvidos foi analisado em um equipamento HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) e através da medição do coeficiente de atrito, que ocorre durante o contato e a formação do filme lubrificante, durante o ensaio. O desgaste foi avaliado através de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Observou-se que, em todos os ensaios, foi formado um filme lubrificante e que a adição de EP e IC nas bases vegetais de óleo de maracujá e moringa in natura não ocasionou uma redução significativa no desgaste. Os biolubrificantes desenvolvidos a partir de óleo de maracujá e moringa modificados via epoxidação apresentaram propriedades tribológicas superiores aos fluidos comerciais testados, mostrando serem potenciais lubrificantes para substituição dos fluidos comerciais de base mineral. 2016-02-04T23:08:50Z 2017-11-14T12:31:56Z 2015-02-02 doctoralThesis SILVA, Maria Susana. Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados. 2015. 140f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Química) - Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2015. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19767 por Acesso Aberto application/pdf Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brasil UFRN PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA QUÍMICA |