Estudo de um sistema híbrido de destilação solar para polimento de águas produzidas
The oil industry, experiencing a great economic and environmental impact, has increasingly invested in researches aiming a more satisfactory treatment of its largest effluent, i.e., produced water. These are mostly discarded at sea, without reuse and after a basic treatment. Such effluent contains a...
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| フォーマット: | Dissertação |
| 言語: | por |
| 出版事項: |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| オンライン･アクセス: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15830 |
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| 要約: | The oil industry, experiencing a great economic and environmental impact, has increasingly
invested in researches aiming a more satisfactory treatment of its largest effluent, i.e.,
produced water. These are mostly discarded at sea, without reuse and after a basic treatment.
Such effluent contains a range of organic compounds with high toxicity and are difficult to
remove, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, salts, heavy metals, etc.. The main
objective of this work was to study the solar distillation of produced water pre-treated to
remove salts and other contaminants trough of a hybrid system with a pre-heater. This
developed apparatus was called solar system, which consists of a solar heater and a
conventional distillation solar still. The first device consisted of a water tank, a solar flat plate
collector and a thermal reservoir. The solar distillator is of simple effect, with 1m2 of flat area
and 20° of inclination. This dissertation was divided in five steps: measurements in the solar
system, i.e. temperatures and distillate flow rate and weather data; modeling and simulation of
the system; study of vapor-liquid equilibrium of the synthetic wastewater by the aqueous
solution of p-xylene; physical and chemical analyses of samples of the feed, distillate and
residue, as well as climatology pertinent variables of Natal-RN. The solar system was tested
separately, with the supply water, aqueous NaCl and synthetic oil produced water.
Temperature measurements were taken every minute of the thermal reservoir, water tank and
distillator (liquid and vapor phases). Data of solar radiation and rainfall were obtained from
INPE (National Institute for Space Research). The solar pre-heater demonstrated to be
effective for the liquid systems tested. The reservoir fluid had an average temperature of
58°C, which enabled the feed to be pre-heated in the distillator. The temperature profile in the
solar distillator showed a similar behavior to daily solar radiation, with temperatures near
70°C. The distillation had an average yield of 2.4 L /day, i.e., an efficiency of 27.2%.
Mathematical modeling aided the identification of the most important variables and
parameters in the solar system. The study of the vapor-liquid equilibrium from Total Organic
Carbon (TOC) analysis indicated heteroazeotropia and the vapor phase resulted more
concentrated in p-xylene. The physical-chemical analysis of pH, conductivity, Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS), chlorides, cations (including heavy metals) and anions, the effluent
distillate showed satisfactory results, which presents a potential for reuse. The climatological
study indicates the region of Natal-RN as favorable to the operation of solar systems, but the
use of auxiliary heating during periods of higher rainfall and cloud cover is also
recommended |
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