Diferenças de gênero na produção de associações livres de palavras através do ciclo sono-vigília
Although several studies, have shown differences in cognitive performance between men and women, it not yet known whether these differences occur in tasks involving free association of words (WA). Studies across the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) suggest that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) favors semanti...
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| Muut tekijät: | |
| Aineistotyyppi: | Dissertação |
| Kieli: | por |
| Julkaistu: |
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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| Aiheet: | |
| Linkit: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/13389 |
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| Yhteenveto: | Although several studies, have shown differences in cognitive performance
between men and women, it not yet known whether these differences occur in
tasks involving free association of words (WA). Studies across the sleep-wake
cycle (SWC) suggest that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) favors semantic
flexibility, in comparison with pre-sleep waking (Pre-WK), slow-wave sleep (SWS)
and post-sleep waking (Post-WK). The present work has two aims: (1) to evaluate
the semantic distances of word pairs produced by AP, comparing men and
women, (2) to evaluate semantic distance in word pairs produced by free
association across the SWC in young adults of both sexes. To achieve aim (1), we
applied a task of WA in 68 adult volunteers during waking (52 women and 16
men). The WA task consisted of writing the first word that came to mind after
viewing another word offered as a stimulus (root Word). To achieve aim (2), we
performed polysomnography to identify specific stages of the SWC. The
experimental subjects were then awakened (if they were asleep) and were
immediately given a WA task. The task was administered to 2 groups of 10
subjects each (G1 and G2). G1 subjects were stimulated with the same set of root
words after waking from various states of SWC, while G2 subjects received sets of
different root words at each state of the SWC. In the absence of a Portuguese
corpus suitable for the measurement of semantic distances, the words collected in
our experiments were translated to English, and semantically quantified within a
systematic and representative corpus of that language (Wordnet). This procedure
removed the polysemies typical of Portuguese, but preserved the semantic macrostructure
common to both languages. During waking, we found that semantic
distances are significantly lower in WA produced by women, in comparison with
the distances observed in men. Through the SWC, there were no statistically
significant differences in G1. In G2 women, we detected a significant increase of
semantic distances upon being awakened from SWS. In contrast, G2 men showed
a significant increase in semantic distances upon being awakened from REM. The
results of the first experiment are consistent with the notion that women have a
more concrete reasoning than men. The results of the second experiment indicate
that men awakened from REM present more flexibility in word association than
when being awakened from other states. In contrast, women showed more flexible
word association after being awakened from SWS, in compared with other states.
The results indicate that the cognitive flexibility attributed to different states of the
SWC shows gender dependency |
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