Un aspect de la cognition sociale chez un primate forestier : reconnaissance visuelle chez le mangabe a joues blanches (Lophocebus Albigena Albigena) /
Des nombreuses etudes ont mis en evidence des phenomenes de discrimination et de categorisation dans le domaine non-social de la cognition notamment chez les oiseaux et les primates non-humains. A l'oppose, dans le domaine social de la cognition, les preuves experimentales des capacites de reco...
Na minha lista:
| Principais autores: | , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Tese |
| Publicado em: |
|
| Assuntos: | |
| Endereço do item: | https://app.bczm.ufrn.br/home/#/item/241859 |
| Tags: |
Adicionar Tag
Sem tags, seja o primeiro a adicionar uma tag!
|
| Resumo: | Des nombreuses etudes ont mis en evidence des phenomenes de discrimination et de categorisation dans le domaine non-social de la cognition notamment chez les oiseaux et les primates non-humains. A l'oppose, dans le domaine social de la cognition, les preuves experimentales des capacites de reconnaissance sont loin d'etre aussi generales et convaincantes. C'est l'abondance de faits ethologiques qui suggerent l'existence de ces capacites. La plupart des preuves experimentales sont etablies chez des macaques, a l'aide de procedures variees utilisant, le plus souvent, des techniques d'apprentissages et une grande heterogeneite de stimuli. Pour la presente etude, nous avons utilise une procedure permettant d'analyser des reponses spontanees du sujet, sans faire reference a aucun autres apprentissages que ceux que l'individu a lui-meme mis en oeuvre au cours de son ontogenese. En outre la presente etude se situe dans une double perspective evolutive, portant d'une part sur des mangabes a joues blanches (lophocebus albigena albigena), espece forestiere hautement arboricole phylogenetiquement proche du genre macaca, d'autre part, des sujets humains confrontes aux memes taches que celles auxquelles ont ete soumis les mangabes. Notre approche des phenomenes de reconnaissance visuelle se fonde sur la mise en evidence de capacite de categorisation : la reconnaissance specifique fait alors reference a la formation d'une categorie mangabes, la reconnaissance sociale a celle d'une categorie mangabes familiers. En ce qui concerne la reconnaissance individuelle, un individu represente a lui seul une categorie incluant les differentes representations de cet individu. Ces representations auront ete prealablement discriminees de celles d'autres individus. Les stimuli utilises etaient des representations digitalisees de visages, uniquement, presentes sur un fond identique et homogene. Ils etaient presentes sur des ecrans d'ordinateur suivant la procedure de la preference pour la nouveaute. Les variables analysees etaient les durees de fixation visuelle, en particulier sur le nouveau stimulus, et la duree de la premiere fixation. En ce qui concerne la reconnaissance specifique 5 des 8 sujets ont discrimine les visages de primates de stimuli de 2 autres categories representant des visages de vertebres autres que des primates et des voitures. Parmi ces 5 sujets, 3 ont forme la categorie primates incluant les mangabes ; c'est a dire qu'a la suite des discriminations, ils ont considere les visages de primates comme peu differents entre eux. En ce qui concerne la reconnaissance sociale, parmi les 3 sujets ayant forme une categorie primates, 2 ont discrimine des mangabes familiers de mangabes inconnus. L'un de ces deux sujets a de plus forme deux categories, une primate potentiellement connu et une autre mangabe inconnu. Enfin 3 sujets sur 4 ont reconnu individuellement, selon nos criteres, de 1 a 3 congeneres familiers, dont leur mere pour 2 d'entre eux. Une procedure ne mettant en jeu que des reponses visuelles spontanees a donc permis de montrer que des primates forestiers arboricoles sont capables de reconnaissance, notamment individuelle, a partir de visages isoles presentes sur des fonds uniformes et homogenes.#$&Many studies have shown that birds and non-human primates, could discriminate and categorize non-social items. On the contrary, in the social domain of cognition, the experimental evidences of recognition capabilities are far from being so convincing and general. Ethological facts suggest that these capabilities do exist. Most of the experimental evidences were established on macaques with a variety of paradigms generally using training procedures and a large variety of heterogeneous stimuli. In the present study, the procedure used allowed us to analyze spontaneous responses which therefore only refer to the knowledge acquired by the'subject through learning processes during his ontogeny. In addition this study is based on a double evolutionary approach, as, on the one hand, it used grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena albigena), forest dwelling arboreal monkeys, phylogenetically closed to macaques, and on the other hand, human subjects, tested with the same procedures as those used for the mangabeys. We consider that recognition, in the social domain, is based on a categorization process: Specific recognition implies that a "Mangabey" category is formed, the social recognition that of "Familiar Mangabey". Concerning individual recognition, an individual represents, in itself, one category the elements of which are the diverse possible representations of this individual. First, these different representations should be discriminated from representations of other individuals, and second, they should be considered as similar between them. The stimuli that were used in the present study were digitized images of only faces, displayed against an uniform and identical background. They were displayed simultaneously on 2 computer screens following the procedure of "Preference for novelty". The variables analyzed were duration of visual fixation on the novel stimulus and the duration of the first fixation depending on the stimulus fixed at. In the specific recognition experiment, 5 out 8 subjects have discriminated faces of primates from stimuli belonging to 2 others categories including faces of vertebrate animals, other than primates, and cars. Amongst these 5 subjects, 3 formed a "Primates" category which included mangabeys' faces; forming this category has implied that the subjects after having discriminated primate faces from other stimuli, have not shown a preference for novelty in comparing primate faces to each other. In the social recognition experiment, amongst the 3 subjects who have formed a "Primate" category," 2 discriminated familiar from unknown mangabeys. In addition one of these subjects has formed 2 categories, "Potentially known primates" and "Unknown Mangabey". Finally, following our criteria, 3, out of 4 subjects, individually recognized from 1 to 3 familiar conspecifics, including their mother for 2 of them. With a procedure which only used spontaneous non-trained responses, it has been possible to show that forest dwelling arboreal primates recognize visually, especially individually, faces of familiar conspecifics displayed against an identical and uniform background. |
|---|